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Diseases of the Peripheral Nerve and Mononeuropathies
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
Diana Mnatsakanova, Charles K. Abrams
As blood and urine thallium concentrations decrease, the neuropathy slowly improves, but may leave a residual sensory neuropathy. Treatments include administration of Prussian blue and hemodialysis or plasmapheresis.17
Pulmonary Hemorrhage
Published in Philip T. Cagle, Timothy C. Allen, Mary Beth Beasley, Diagnostic Pulmonary Pathology, 2008
Andras Khoor, Henry D. Tazelaar
Hemosiderin, the hallmark of old hemorrhage, should be differentiated from other types of pigment, which may be present in the lung. Hemosiderin is dark brown to gold and coarsely granular. Smoker’s pigment is usually light brown. It can form relatively quickly (as early as 24–48 hours) (3). In contrast to hemosiderin, smoker’s pigment is less coarse, finely dispersed, or “dusty” (Figs. 1 and 2). It may also be associated with small flecks of carbonaceous material. Both pigments are readily identifiable with iron stains, such as Prussian blue. However, hemosiderin stains darker blue and forms more distinct granules. Formalin pigment is another dark brown to black granular material (Fig. 3), which may be present in the lung. As opposed to hemosiderin and smoker’s pigment, it is birefringent and is easily identifiable under polarized light (Fig. 4). If there is any question, formalin pigment can be removed from histologic sections with a mixture of acetone, hydrogen peroxide, and ammonium hydroxide. Anthracotic pigment is a black granular pigment that consists mainly of carbon. Although anthracotic pigment is not birefringent, it is often associated with needle-shaped birefringent silicates.
Radionuclides in Foodstuffs and Food Raw Material
Published in Michael Pöschl, Leo M. L. Nollet, Radionuclide Concentrations in Food and the Environment, 2006
Pascal Froidevaux, Tony Dell, Paul Tossell
Levels of contamination in Byelorussia and the Ukraine were, unsurprisingly, among the highest found. De Ruig and van der Struijs [65] showed that certain food types, including mushrooms, had contamination with radiocesium in excess of 100 kBq/kg, and 90Sr in excess of 1.5 kBq/kg. A study of a drainless peat lake in the contaminated region showed levels of 137Cs in pike fish in excess of 23 kBq/kg and crayfish in excess of 4 kBq/kg. These were based on a survey carried out 10 years after the accident, showing the persistence of cesium in this type of ecological environment. They estimated that this was the main ingestion pathway for the local population, typically accounting for 40% to 50% of the dose. They also reported the continued feeding of Prussian blue to dairy cattle, which reduced the 137Cs levels in milk to about 15% of that if the animals were not fed Prussian blue. This demonstrates that relatively simple countermeasures can be effective in reducing mans’ exposure to contamination via dairy products.
The Goiânia incident, the semiotics of danger, and the next 10,000 years
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2023
Joseph Clemons, Adam Blumenberg
Another notable feature of the incident in Goiânia was internal contamination with cesium-137. For the first time in the history of radiological incidents Prussian blue was used to treat internal cesium-137 contamination. The Prussian blue dose ranged from 3-10 g per day with a duration of 18-106 days (median 63 days) [16]. Since administering such long courses of Prussian blue treatment in humans was uncommon, the medical teams took special care at all times to ensure the early detection of adverse effects. Those who received Prussian blue underwent daily medical supervision until December 1987 to ensure adherence to the medication protocol [3,14]. Subsequent evaluations of the internal committed doses and the impact of Prussian Blue treatment were conducted for 15 adults involved in the incident. Results demonstrated a significant reduction in the internal absorbed dose of cesium-137, attributable to Prussian blue. The extent of cesium-137 dose reduction varied between 51-84%, averaging around 71% [16]. Without Prussian blue, the biological half-life of cesium-137 is 50-150 days, whereas the half-life in patients undergoing treatment was 10-36 days [16].
Liver Cirrhosis Due to Fetal CMV Infection: A Case Report
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2023
Selvi Aydın Şenel, Kübra Kurt Bilirer, Selma Acar, Hakan Erenel
A 24-year-old woman gravida-1-para-0 at 20 weeks gestation was referred to our department due to fetal ascites. We observed fetal ascites, increased middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity (1.98 MoM), placentomegaly, oligohydramnios, growth restriction and hyperechogenic bowel on ultrasound. Examination of fetal head showed asymmetrical echogenic areas in both hemispheres and midline shift suggesting severe intracerebral hemorrhage. We performed an amniocentesis followed by PCR testing for cytomegalovirus. CMV-DNA-PCR analysis was positive in the amniotic fluid. Termination of pregnancy was performed after counseling of the couple. The postabortal gross examination showed petechial lesions on the skin. Autopsy confirmed intracerebral hemorrhage. Macroscopic appearance of the fetal liver was nodular resembling macronodular cirrhosis (Fig. 1). We observed cytomegalic cells and "owl's eye" nuclear inclusion bodies (large eosinophilic inclusions surrounded by a clear halo) in the liver using immunohistochemical staining (Fig. 2a, b). Necrosis and fibrosis were highlighted by the reticulin stain (Fig. 2c, d). Prussian blue was used to exclude iron storage disorders. Histopathological diagnosis of cirrhosis was made.
Effect and mechanism of paclitaxel loaded on magnetic Fe3O4@mSiO2-NH2-FA nanocomposites to MCF-7 cells
Published in Drug Delivery, 2023
Yun Ni, Peng Deng, Ruitong Yin, Ziye Zhu, Chen Ling, Mingyi Ma, Jie Wang, Shasha Li, Ruijiang Liu
MCF-7 cells were co-incubated with magnetic Fe3O4@mSiO2-NH2-FA nanocomposites (40 μg/mL) in a petri dish for 24 h. Subsequently, Prussian blue staining was performed. After the culture medium was carefully discarded, the cells were washed 3–5 times with PBS to eliminate the influence of the material itself on the staining results. The cells were treated with 4% paraformaldehyde for 15 min, washed to 3 − 5 times with deionized water, stained with Prussian blue staining reagent for 20 min, and then washed with deionized water for 3 min. Finally, the cells were washed with deionized water after staining with a nuclear fast red solution for 15 min. The uptake of the intracellular nanocarriers was observed using an optical microscope.