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Critical care, neurology and analgesia
Published in Evelyne Jacqz-Aigrain, Imti Choonara, Paediatric Clinical Pharmacology, 2021
Evelyne Jacqz-Aigrain, Imti Choonara
Reduction of the amount of drug available to a patient, resulting from interactions with drug administration devices constructed from plastics, is a well recognised and documented phenomenon [11]. The potency loss appears to be dependent on the physico-chemical characteristics of the drug and solution, the nature of the plastic and the dynamics of the system [12]. However, ECMO circuits are unique in sorption studies since, unlike plastic containers and administration sets used for drug delivery, they are an extension of the patient’s circulatory system. Therefore, in comparison to sorption in intravenous delivery devices, drug-circuit interactions in vivo will have a significant influence on pharmacokinetics and hence therapeutic efficacy. For drug sorption to occur, not only will the drug have to distribute from the blood phase, but the process will compete with binding to circulating plasma proteins and red blood cells.
Evaluating Effects of Conditioning Formulations on Hair
Published in Randy Schueller, Perry Romanowski, Conditioning Agents for Hair and Skin, 2020
Finally, proteins constitute an important class of conditioner raw materials. They are claimed to impart softness to the hair, increase tensile strength, add body and gloss, enhance springiness, and improve the overall look and feel of hair. While there is little peer-review literature to support the effect of proteins on the physicochemical properties of hair, the substantivity of polypeptides to hair keratin is well established. Quantitative sorption work has been reported by Karjalla et al. (19), Turowski et al. (20), Mintz et al. (21), and other authors.
Closed-Loop Plasmapheresis
Published in James L. MacPherson, Duke O. Kasprisin, Therapeutic Hemapheresis, 2019
Michael J. Lysaght, Walter Samtleben, Baerbel Schmidt, Hans J. Gurland
In a process very similar to sorption, plasma or blood is passed in contact with a bound enzyme capable of degrading the target molecules. Typical of such an approach is the enzymatic degradation of asparagin (a nonpathogenic amino acid, which is essential to cell proliferation in leukemia) by asparaginase. On-line enzyme reactors have been described only rarely in the literature16–21 and have not advanced beyond studies in model systems.
Solid amorphous formulations for enhancing solubility and inhibiting Erlotinib crystallization during gastric-to-intestinal transfer
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2023
L. Mugnier, F. Espitalier, J. Menegotto, S. Bell, M. I. Ré
Considering ERL-HPMCAS L HME a choice formulation as it demonstrated the best results in solubility and dissolutions studies, supplementary analyses were performed on this formulation aiming to have some information concerning its physical stability. On one side, a water sorption isotherm at 25 °C was used to obtain information about the affinity between the chosen formulation and water, upon exposure to stressed humidity. Figure 9 displays the DVS isotherm plots for the studied sample, showing the change in mass percentage as a function of changing relative humidity (RH) in the range 0 to 95% RH. The measured sorption over the RH 0-95% is a contribution of both adsorption (surface phenomenon) and absorption (volume phenomenon). Water vapor is absorbed into structure of amorphous solids and not simply adsorbed on the surface.
Alginate-based aerogels as wound dressings for efficient bacterial capture and enhanced antibacterial photodynamic therapy
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Ning Guo, Yu Xia, Weishen Zeng, Jia Chen, Quanxin Wu, Yaxin Shi, Guoying Li, Zhuoyi Huang, Guanhai Wang, Yun Liu
In conclusion, an antibiotic-free wound dressing, SA@TPAPP@PBA aerogel, has been developed for rapid hemostasis and enhanced aPDT against S. aureus. SA@TPAPP@PBA aerogel was produced by chemically conjugating photosensitizers TPAPP and PBA to the main chain of SA. Due to the PBA-mediated bacterial capture effect, in vitro antibacterial assays demonstrated that the therapeutic efficiency of SA@TPAPP@PBA aerogel against S. aureus was significantly enhanced under the irradiation of 660 nm laser. In addition, it possessed a high porosity, which was beneficial to blood exudate absorption and rapid hemostasis. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments proved that SA@TPAPP@PBA aerogel also demonstrated excellent biosafety, hemostatic, and anti-inflammatory capacities for pre-hospital care. Therefore, this multifunctional aerogel is a promising candidate for clinical trials as a wound dressing.
Glibenclamide–malonic acid cocrystal with an enhanced solubility and bioavailability
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2022
Dipti Srivastava, Zeeshan Fatima, Chanchal Deep Kaur, Anjali Mishra, Sanap Sachin Nashik, Dilshad A. Rizvi, Rammani Prasad
The physicochemical properties of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) play a significant role in the process of drug development. More than 80% of the drug failures in clinical trials are attributed to its absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (ADME) and toxicity problem [1]. Absorption is the key factor that affects the concentration of the drug in the body. Oral absorption of a drug is majorly hindered by the physicochemical properties namely solubility and lipophilicity [2]. About 40–70% of the marketed drugs and approximately 90% of NCEs possess poor aqueous solubility. This leads to poor absorption of such drugs into the systemic circulation of the patient, which causes an inadequate and variable bioavailability and suboptimal drug delivery, thereby limiting their therapeutic usefulness [3]. Enhancement of aqueous solubility of drugs thus remains a daunting task for the pharmaceutical industries.