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Global Medicinal Plants and Phyto-Derived Compounds in Wound Healing
Published in Namrita Lall, Medicinal Plants for Cosmetics, Health and Diseases, 2022
Samantha R. Loggenberg, Namrita Lall
The use of nanotechnology in modern medicine aims to optimize the adsorption and delivery of administered drugs. Nanocarriers in transdermal drug delivery allow for an alternative administration of lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs. Nanocarriers may be utilized for the treatment of dermal wounds via encapsulating active compounds which provide either antibacterial, anti-inflammatory or immunostimulant properties (Yadav et al., 2016; Uchechi, Ogbonna, and Attama, 2014).
Thin-Layer Chromatographic Techniques and Systems
Published in Adorjan Aszalos, Modern Analysis of Antibiotics, 2020
James A. Chan, Adorjan Aszalos
The physicochemical phenomenon, adsorption, is used to separate mixtures of compounds. The separation occurs because of the differences in the reversible physicochemical forces, that is, ionic, van der Waals, and London dispersing forces, exerted by the active centers of a solid stationary phase, for which starch, cellulose, silica gel, aluminum oxide, calcium phosphate-activated carbon, among others can be used. For elution, one can use apolar solvents or mixtures of polar and apolar solvents or small amounts of polar materials dissolved in an organic solvent. The relationship between the mechanism of adsorption and the chromatographic mobility of the different compounds is described in the literature [9,10].
Immunohematology
Published in Gabriel Virella, Medical Immunology, 2019
Gabriel Virella, Armand Glassman
Drug adsorption mechanism. This mechanism proposes that the adsorbed drug functions as hapten and the RBC as carrier, and an immune response against the drug ensues. The antibodies, usually IgG, are present in high titers, and may activate complement after binding to the drug adsorbed to the red cells, inducing hemolysis (Figure 22.4) or phagocytosis. Penicillin (when administered in high doses by the IV route) and cephalosporins can induce this type of hemolytic anemia. Some cephalosporins (such as cephalothin) also have been shown to modify the red cell membrane that becomes able to adsorb proteins non-specifically, a fact that can lead to a positive direct Coombs’ test but not to hemolytic anemia.
Scylla Sp. Shell: a potential green adsorbent for wastewater treatment
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Azrul Nurfaiz Mohd Faizal, Nicky Rahmana Putra, Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini
In realizing the practicality of using crab shell as green adsorbent in real adsorption setting, the fundamental aspects like the mode of operation, modeling, regeneration, and multi-complex nature of wastewater are essential to be considered. The operation mode in adsorption depends on the volume of treated water, the time needed for treatment, the capital and operating costs, and the area of treatment plant. The batch adsorption has been widely reported to describe the effectiveness of adsorbent at laboratory scale. It deals with small volume of wastewater to be treated aimed at optimizing the operating parameters such as equilibrium time, pH, adsorbent dosage, and contaminant concentration for scaling-up purposes (Bajpai and Rajpoot 1999, Dotto and McKay 2020). Although the upscaling is straightforward, the batch mode seems to call for large physical area and additional unit operations for solid-liquid separation. Alternatively, the dynamic (continuous) mode allows the treatment of large volume of wastewater at small physical area and does not require extra separation step. Also, the operation is responsive to hydrodynamic limitations, i.e., high pressure drop and preferential pathway, provided that the adsorbent is not in too fine powders.
Green and eco-friendly adsorption of dyes with organoclay: isothermal, kinetic and thermodynamic studies
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Shahzaib Tariq, Muhammad Saeed, Usman Zahid, Maimoona Munir, Azeem Intisar, Muhammad Asad Riaz, Aqsa Riaz, Muhammad Waqas, Hafiz Muhammad Waqar Abid
During the last few decades, adsorptive removal of dyes has gained considerable research interest in modification that results in increased adsorption capacity. Based on experimental results, about 99% of the dyes can be removed from the solution via the adsorption process (Adeyemo et al. 2017). Adsorption is considered to be one of the most popular techniques for dyes removal owing to its high efficacy, cost efficiency, simple operation, and tolerant of processing conditions (Lee et al. 2006). Commonly used adsorbents are graphene nanoplates (Zhang et al. 2018), mesoporous silica (Huang et al. 2011), magnetic carbon (Wang, Zhang et al. 2018), activated alumina (Wasti and Ali Awan 2016), activated charcoal (Iqbal and Ashiq 2007), mesoporous carbon (Galán et al. 2013), etc. but they exhibit lower adsorption capacity as compared to a clay material.
First report on the presence of aflatoxins in fig seed oil and the efficacy of adsorbents in reducing aflatoxin levels in aqueous and oily media
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Of course, prevention of mold contamination and toxin production is the best solution to aflatoxin problem (Luo et al. 2018). However, it is not that easy in practice due to moderate temperature, high humidity, sudden rains, etc. and developing decontamination strategies are inevitable. Among these, adsorption is regarded as superior to other processes such as heat treatment, oxidation etc. since the former does not change the chemical structure of the toxin and does not cause the formation of toxic by- and degradation-products (Olopade et al.2019). Adsorbents are currently used in a wide range of applications including pollution control, purification, separation, and others across a large number of industrial sectors (Jenkins 2015). Moreover, the effectiveness of the adsorbents for reducing various mycotoxins from different food products have been examined in scientific studies (Var et al. 2008, Liu et al. 2021, Muaz and Riaz 2021) and successful results have been obtained. On the other hand, causing loss of some bioactive components contributing to nutritional value of the product was reported as the main disadvantage of adsorption process (Gokmen et al. 2001). A number of authors investigated different techniques to decontaminate dried figs (Altug et al. 1990, Zorlugenc et al. 2008, Karaca and Nas 2009); however, to our knowledge, there is no information regarding the employment of adsorption for aflatoxin removal from figs.