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Plant Source Foods
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Plum fruits (Prunus domestica) are consumed fresh or dried and used for desserts and processing. Fresh plum fruits are quite similar to peaches and nectarines with their similar carbohydrate, organic acid, calorie and cellulose contents, and they all qualify as energy fruit foods (99). Plums are rich in antioxidant substances including high contents of phenolic compounds, with the predominance of derivatives of caffeic acid, mainly neochlorogenic and chlorogenic acids, and smaller amounts of anthocyanins and flavonols (100). Fresh plums and processed plums like jams may improve glucose and lipid metabolism, reduce bile acid levels, and inhibit osteoporosis (99, 100).
Selected Botanicals and Plant Products That Lower Blood Glucose (Continued)
Published in Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton, Type 2 Diabetes, 2018
Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton
Plum was the second most effective α-glucosidase inhibitor compared to the IC50 of the selected samples. Plum contained the highest amount of total flavonoids (15.2 mg CE/g). The result supported other findings (Kim, Jeong, and Lee. 2003) that plums were good source of dietary flavonoids, which can also be regarded as α-glucosidase inhibitors (Gao and Kawabata. 2005).
Treating the Dysmetabolism Underlying Osteoporosis
Published in Kohlstadt Ingrid, Cintron Kenneth, Metabolic Therapies in Orthopedics, Second Edition, 2018
Seaweed, nuts and seeds, and some grains are good sources of magnesium which also contributes to the formation of healthy bone. Dried plums (previously referred as prunes) are rich in many nutrients that have been shown to beneficial for bone including fiber, vitamin K, boron, copper, magnesium, and polyphenols, with studies showing a positive effect on bone density in animal models and on bone formation biomarkers in human studies [122]. Onion consumption has been found to be beneficial to BMD in perimenopausal and post-menopausal non-Hispanic white women 50 years or older [123]. Fiber is an important component of the alkaline diet. Some forms of fiber can impair mineral absorption, but this is not uniformly the case and a diet high in fiber is recommended. One specific group of fibers found in fruits and vegetables are the inulin-type fructans, a subclass of fructooligosaccharides, which have been shown to improve calcium absorption in adolescents and adults [124]. Fruits and vegetables are also the primary dietary source of boron, a trace element which is beneficial for trabecular bone microarchitecture and cortical bone strength [125].
An Overview of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Emphasis on Dietary Products and Herbal Remedies
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Deepa S. Mandlik, Satish K. Mandlik
Plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) fruits have a great concentration of phenols as a main phytoconstituents that can act as natural antioxidants and cancer preventive agents found in diet (26). Extrinsic apoptosis was induced in HepG2 cells by extract of immature plum, as demonstrated by caspase-3, −8 and −10 stimulation, as well as DNA destruction. In a different in-vitro analysis, the immature plum extract was found to have anti-metastasis properties in HepG2 cells. The results were obtained by inhibiting matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-9 gene expression by subduing nuclear translocations of activator protein (AP)-1 and nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)according to the survey (27). The pretreatment of rats with plum extracts results in reduced the carcinogenicity of benzo(α)pyrene by upregulating the synthesis of enzymes involved in detoxification, according to the researchers (28).
5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) formation, occurrence and potential health concerns: recent developments
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2021
Ankit Choudhary, Vikas Kumar, Satish Kumar, Ishrat Majid, Poonam Aggarwal, Sheenam Suri
A comparative study was carried out on drying of tomato powder with different drying techniques i.e. oven drying, freeze-drying and heated airflow. A high content of HMF was produced in the oven drying method in both blanched and unblanched samples as it contained high amounts of glucose and citric acid as compared to heated airflow for the reaction to be carried out. In freeze-drying, no HMF was found to be there due to no heat treatment involved. Also, HMF was found to be higher in blanched in comparison to the unbalanced sample (Jorge et al.2018). Another comparative study with the use of different drying techniques such as freeze-drying, vacuum drying, microwave-vacuum drying (MVD), and convective drying on plum powder was done and to check its effect on HMF content. Low HMF content was found in the case of MVD while highest in convective drying. Also, HMF content showed a negative correlation with the addition of chlorogenic acid in the powder (Michalska et al.2016). In contrast to this, in cranberry products, with accelerated temperatures, there was the retention of chlorogenic acid and with its increase, HMF content also increased (Michalska et al.2018). A study depicted that for formation of traditional pomegranate pistil and hydrocolloid pistil, different methods of drying resulted in different HMF content. Highest HMF content was found in hot air-dried samples and microwave-assisted drying methods for traditional and hydrocolloid pistil respectively (Tontul and Topuz 2017).
An overview of the efficacy and safety of prucalopride for the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2019
Marzieh Daniali, Shekoufeh Nikfar, Mohammad Abdollahi
The general approach to treat constipation totally depends on the reason of constipation and initially is limited to lifestyle modifications such as dietary changes (fiber: 20 to 35 g/day) and daily exercise. Additionally, in the second step different types of laxatives such as bulk-forming (psyllium and methylcellulose), osmotic laxatives (PEG and lactulose) or saline laxatives (milk of magnesia) are recommended [53–55]. A randomized clinical trial was performed to compare the efficacy of bulk-forming laxatives like psyllium and prunes (dried plums), and evaluated that both laxatives are well tolerated but prunes are more efficient [56]. The next pharmacotherapy line concludes guanylate cyclase-C (GCC) agonists like linaclotide or plecanatide (mechanism: stimulation of intestinal secretion fluid [55] and amelioration of abdominal discomfort [53]) or prokinetics such as prucalopride [9,57].