China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Common/useful drugs
Published in Jonathan P Rogers, Cheryl CY Leung, Timothy RJ Nicholson, Pocket Prescriber Psychiatry, 2019
Jonathan P Rogers, Cheryl CY Leung, Timothy RJ Nicholson
Interactions:☠ ↑risk of severe toxic reaction with serotonergics, dopaminergics and noradrenergics: SSRIs, SNRIs, NARIs, TCAs (and related drugs), other MAOIs (inc for Parkinson's disease), carbamazepine, linezolid, triptans, pethidine, tramadol. ☠Do not start phenelzine until these drugs have been stopped and they have cleared: 5 wk for fluoxetine, 3 wk for clomipramine/imipramine, at least 7–14 days for other drugs.Wait 2 wk after stopping phenelzine before starting any of these medicines.
Summary of evidence based guidelines for OSCE explanations
Published in Bhaskar Punukollu, Michael Phelan, Anish Unadkat, MRCPsych Part 1 In a Box, 2019
Bhaskar Punukollu, Michael Phelan, Anish Unadkat
Here treatment should be attempted along the following steps: First antidepressant (AD).AD and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT).AD and CBT and lithium.If two ADs have failed start venlafaxine.Augmentation, ie SSRI and mirtazapine.Phenelzine (particularly indicated for atypical depression).Refer to tertiary services.
Other Relevant Psychiatric Problems
Published in Diana Riley, Perinatal Mental Health, 2018
Where secondary depressive symptoms are present, monoamine oxidase inhibitors such as phenelzine or tranylcypromine are helpful, although contra-indicated in breast-feeding mothers. Tricyclic antidepressants are not usually effective, and the side-effects may add to the anxiety about physical problems.
The use of inactivated brain homogenate to determine the in vitro fraction unbound in brain for unstable compounds
Published in Xenobiotica, 2020
Ramakrishna Nirogi, Parusharamulu Molgara, Gopinadh Bhyrapuneni, Arunkumar Manoharan, Nagasurya Prakash Padala, Veera Raghava Chowdary Palacharla
Dialysis membrane strips (cellulose, MWCO 12 – 14 kDa, batch # 2350 (10–15)) and 96-well equilibrium dialysis (HTD) assembly (Model-HTD96b) used for protein binding studies were procured from HTDialysis, LLC (Galesferry, CT). Rats (Wistar, 5 males) were obtained in-house in accordance with the guidelines and approval by an institutional animal ethics committee. The compounds used in this study and sodium azide were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St.Louis, MO). Phenelzine (PNZ) and tranylcypromine (TCP) are reference compounds whereas compound I (Cpd I) and compound II (Cpd II) are internal discovery compounds found to have stability issues in rat brain homogenate. Phenelzine is used as a positive control to test the effect of inactivation of brain homogenate on the stability. All other reagents were obtained from standard suppliers.
N-acetyltransferase: the practical consequences of polymorphic activity in man
Published in Xenobiotica, 2020
Phenelzine (2-phenylethylhydrazine) is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor that has been employed as an antidepressant since the 1960s. It is a simple hydrazine derivative and was first synthesised some 30 years earlier (Votoček & Leminger, 1932). Oxidation is the primary route of metabolism with 70–80% of an orally administered dose being excreted in the urine as phenylacetic acid and p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid. These workers stated that they could not detect any N-acetylated product in urine or plasma samples (Robinson et al., 1985). Although phenelzine has been shown to be a substrate for human N-acetyltransferase in vitro (Tilstone et al., 1979) it is now generally regarded that N-acetylation is a minor pathway (Baker et al., 1999). Before the knowledge of its metabolism was available it was reported that slow acetylators appeared to have an advantage in that they displayed an improved response to antidepressant treatment (Johnstone & Marsh, 1973; Paykel et al., 1982) whereas others did not observe this phenomenon (Marshall et al., 1978; Tyrer et al., 1980)
Therapeutic strategies for social anxiety disorder: where are we now?
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2019
Antoine Pelissolo, Sandra Abou Kassm, Lauriane Delhay
The first placebo-controlled RCTs in SAD assessed irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), namely phenelzine. Despite evidence of significant efficacy compared to placebo, phenelzine is not recommended as first or second-line treatment due to its adverse effects profile, dietary limitations and potential for toxicity through food and drug interactions [18]. Moclobemide and brofaromine, two reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase A, appeared to be only modestly efficacious in the treatment of SAD, and less effective than SSRIs, venlafaxine, and phenelzine [17]. Other antidepressants have been evaluated for the treatment of SAD with insufficient benefit, such as mirtazapine, or mixed and non-convincing results, such as imipramine, clomipramine, nefazodone, and bupropion [15,18,68].