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Monographs of Topical Drugs that Have Caused Contact Allergy/Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Oxytetracycline is a tetracycline analog isolated from the actinomycete Streptomyces rimosus with broad-spectrum antibacterial properties. This antibiotic is indicated for treatment of infections caused by a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae. Oxytetracycline is used topically in the treatment of acne vulgaris, ophthalmic infections, and in the prevention or treatment of skin infections (11). In pharmaceutical products, both oxytetracycline and oxytetracycline hydrochloride (CAS number 2058-46-0, EC number 218-161-2, molecular formula C22H25CIN2O9) may be employed.
Critical Appraisal of Animal Models for Antibiotic Toxicity
Published in Adorjan Aszalos, Modern Analysis of Antibiotics, 2020
Patricia D. Williams, Girard H. Hottendorf
Several antimicrobial agents have been implicated in causing liver damage in humans. The tetracyclines, namely chlorotetracycline, oxytetracycline, and tetracycline, have been reported to cause liver damage following administration of high doses orally or intravenously [59–61]. Clinically, the hepatic injury is manifested by hyperbilirubinemia and elevated serum glutamic oxalactic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase and may be accompanied by nausea, fever, and jaundice. Histologically, the lesion is characterized by fine droplet-type fatty metamorphosis with little necrosis [62].
Acne, rosacea and similar disorders
Published in Ronald Marks, Richard Motley, Common Skin Diseases, 2019
Systemic tetracyclines have been the sheet anchor of treatment for moderate and severe acne for many years. Patients with many papular lesions involving several sites are suitable for systemic tetracyclines. It is usual to start treatment with a dose of 250 mg three times daily or 6-hourly, and then, when there is a response, to reduce the dose to that required to keep the patient free of new lesions. The improvement usually begins 4–8 weeks after starting treatment and continues over the next 2–3 months. Some 70 per cent of patients can be expected to improve on this regimen. Treatment may have to be maintained for several months or, exceptionally, even longer. With tetracycline and oxytetracycline, the drug should be given 30 minutes before a meal to prevent interference with absorption. The newer minocycline, lymecycline and doxycycline are given in smaller doses (50 mg or 100 mg) once or twice per day and their absorption does not seem to be affected by food.
Antimicrobial resistance in Vibrio cholerae O1/O139 clinical isolates: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2022
Chaoying Liu, Ye Wang, Khalil Azizian, Nazanin Omidi, Vahab Hassan Kaviar, Ebrahim Kouhsari, Abbas Maleki
Tetracyclines are one of the most common antibiotic classes applied against V. cholera, but previous literature reported a common resistance to these antibiotics [65,155]. The present study showed that the resistance rate to tetracycline, oxytetracycline, and doxycycline were 20%, 9%, and 7%, respectively. Another meta-analysis on V. cholerae isolated from Iran demonstrated that the resistance rate to oxytetracycline and tetracycline (40.2%, 34.5%) is more than our results [155]. However, doxycycline resistance in both meta-analyses is similar. In Mozambique, resistance rates to tetracycline and doxycycline were 50% and 56%, respectively [65]. Our results showed that the trend of tetracycline resistance had increased gradually from 1980–2000 to 2011–2020 (7% and 28%). In addition, the frequency of doxycycline-resistant isolates shows a sixfold increase in recent years. Furthermore, the frequency of tetracycline and doxycycline-resistant isolates in Asia is more than in Africa, America, and Europe. These results indicate that antibiotic resistance patterns differed among geographic regions and in different periods. This data is consistent with another literature search carried out by Adabi et al. [19].
Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Melanogenesis Inhibitory Activity of Auraptene, a Coumarin from Ferula szowitsiana Root
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Ensiyeh Charmforoshan, Ehsan Karimi, Ehsan Oskoueian, Mehrdad Iranshahi
The antibacterial assay of auraptene was carried out against three gram-negative including Escherichia coli ATCC 15223, Salmonella typhimurium PTCC1609, Salmonella paratyphi PTCC1230, and two gram-positive bacteria, Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923). The micro broth dilution technique was applied as described earlier by (8,9) to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). The resazurin and nutrient broth applied in this assay. The lowest concentration at which no color changes occurred was considered as the minimum inhibitory concentration value. To determine the minimum bactericidal concentration, 100 µl from each of the blue/black color wells was cultured on the pathogen’s selective agar. The cultured plate was then incubated at 37 °C for 48 h. The lowest concentration of the auraptene that did not show any colony growth on the selective agar was taken as the MBC. In this assay, the positive control used Oxytetracycline as the standard antibiotic agent. The experiments were run in triplicate.
Treatment of benign eyelid lesions with Nd:YVO laser: a prospective study
Published in Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 2020
Filipe Sousa-Neves, João Cardoso da Costa, Joana Braga, Sandra Prazeres
An emulsion of lidocaine and prilocaine 25 mg/g + 25 mg/g (EMLA®, Aspen Pharma, Ireland) was applied 15 minutes before the procedure for dermal analgesia. Subcutaneous injection of 2% lidocaine (0.1–0.3 cc) was performed if the patient felt any discomfort after a single-shot test. A corneal protection plate was placed to avoid laser damage to intraocular structures. Physicians wore surgical masks to avoid particles contamination. Treatment was performed with Valon® 5G photocoagulator (frequency-doubled Nd:YVO, 532 nm). The machine was set with the following parameters: single-spot (spot size: 200 µm); power between 500 and 750 mW; and pulse duration was set for maximum (650 ms). Exposure time was controlled by the foot pedal. Patients were placed in the Valon® slit-lamp (Haag Streit BQ) in an office setting. The lesion was grasped with help of forceps, and Nd:YVO laser applied to the lesion’s base, similar to a surgical blade movement. The excised tissue was sent for histopathological evaluation. If grasping was not possible, the condition was destroyed by direct laser photocoagulation. Afterwards, photocoagulation of the lesion’s margin was carried out to create a shallow pit (between 200 and 500 microns in depth). The study protocol allowed the removal of a maximum of two lesions per eye. After the procedure, patients were instructed to apply oxytetracycline ointment 5 mg/g twice daily for 1 week to aid wound healing, avoid direct sun exposure for 3 months and apply sunscreen during the following year.