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Free Radicals and Antioxidants
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Pro-oxidant refers to any endobiotic or xenobiotic that induces oxidative stress either by generation of harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) or by inhibiting helpful antioxidant systems in the body (85–86). Pro-oxidants can damage cells and tissues. In general, the term ‘pro-oxidant’ is reserved for compounds that have antioxidant properties, but in certain conditions such as high dosage or prolonged use, they becomes harmful or toxic to the organism. For example, vitamin C is a strong antioxidant at low doses, and is used to fight or prevent diseases, but it becomes harmful to the body at high doses and can cause diseases. In this case, vitamin C becomes a pro-oxidant compound. Pro-oxidant is different from oxidant although these two compounds can both give oxidative stress and become toxic to the organism. Oxidant denotes a compound that produces an oxidation reaction and does not have antioxidant property in any dose or any physiological situation. For example, ozone O3 and hydrogen peroxide H2O2 are oxidant compounds, and not pro-oxidants because they do not have antioxidant property, in contrast to vitamin C. Therefore, the term ‘pro-oxidant’ is reserved for compounds that have an antioxidant property.
A Lifestyle Medicine Approach to Breast Cancer
Published in Michelle Tollefson, Nancy Eriksen, Neha Pathak, Improving Women's Health Across the Lifespan, 2021
Amber Orman, Dianne L. Johnson, Amy Comander, Nigel Brockton, Meghana Reddy, Gautam Krishna Koipallil
Fiber-rich plant foods are also a rich source of phytochemicals and micronutrients, which exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities.24,25 Phytochemicals may play a role in cell growth and proliferation, programmed cell death, repairing damaged deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), eliminating carcinogens or carcinogenic effects, epigenetic modulation, activation or inactivation of oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes, angiogenesis, and reducing the damage of oxidative stress.26,27
Distribution and Use (Ethnobotany and Trade) of Bergenia ciliata (Haw.) Sternb. in Nepal
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Ethnopharmacology of Wild Plants, 2021
Bergenia ciliata also contains chemical substances, which are useful for the treatment of cancer. The anti-cancer properties of this plant are illustrated by Qureshi et al. (2009), Gilani et al. (2014), Ahmed et al. (2016), and Dar et al. (2019). Anti-oxidants are substances, which inhibit the oxidation process and prevent or delay cell damage. The source of anti-oxidants may be natural or artificial. The Bergenia ciliata plant is rich in anti-oxidant properties (Venkatadri et al. 2010, Uddin et al. 2012, Ahmed et al. 2016, Phull et al. 2016, Khan et al. 2018, Yousaf et al. 2018, Zafar et al. 2019). Because of several useful biological activities of this plant, this is in high demand in these days (DoF 2015, 2016). Table 10.5 shows its various biological activities pertinent to pharmacological actions. Methanolic aqueous extract of Bergenia ciliata with its trypsin shows considerable antiviral activity against the influenza virus (Rajbhandari 2001). Acetone extract of roots produced dose-dependent CNS depressant, analgesic, diuretic, and anti-inflammatory effect in acute and sub-acute models of inflammation; the extract showed a decrease in heart rate with the increase in the force of contraction of perfused frog heart (Pandey et al. 1996).
Associations of alcohol consumption and dietary behaviors with severe cognitive impairment among Chinese older men and women
Published in Journal of Substance Use, 2023
Yen-Han Lee, Trishnee Bhurosy, Yen-Chang Chang, Ching-Ti Liu, Mack Shelley
Next, we need to look into the dietary behaviors included in this analysis. The benefits of fruits and vegetables consumption have been studied elsewhere, especially among older adults, in areas such as improving sleep quality, decreasing cardiovascular risk, and reducing the incidence of type 2 diabetes (Alissa & Ferns, 2017; Fan et al., 2021; Li et al., 2014; Wang et al., 2016). Fruits and vegetables are rich in anti-oxidant compounds (like vitamins C and E), fiber, potassium, and folate. These compounds might be beneficial for reducing chronic disease such as cognitive impairment, in which case older men and women who rarely consumed or did not consume vegetables or fruits were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with cognitive impairment. In fact, in Chinese dietary culture, sharing alcohol drinks at the dining table has become a behavioral norm because alcohol represents a gesture to build social relationships at work and with family members (Lee et al., 2020). It is very common to share alcohol drinks at dining occasions like Chinese barbecue, hot pot, business dining, and family gathering dinners (e.g., Chinese New Year). It is imperative to point out that alcohol consumption and dietary behaviors are popular not only in China but also in Western countries such as Italy (Allamani et al., 2010) or other parts of the Asian-Pacific region like South Korea (Ko & Sohn, 2018). One might speculate that alcohol consumption might go hand-in-hand with diet in many parts of the world, not just in China.
Carbamazepine-induced renal toxicity may be associated with oxidative stress and apoptosis in male rat
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2023
Elif Erdem Guzel, Nalan Kaya Tektemur, Ahmet Tektemur, Ebru Etem Önalan
The term ‘’oxidative stress’’ has been described as an unbalance of oxidants and antioxidants in favor of the oxidants, causing various cells, tissues, and organ components damage (Pizzino et al.2017). It is accepted that oxidative stress has an important role in the pathophysiology of kidney diseases (Erdemli et al.2017, Erdemli et al.2018). The kidneys are greatly susceptible to oxidative damage because they have been exposed directly to blood plasma thanks to their open fenestrae, and include a large number of mitochondria, the largest source of oxygen radicals (Eirin et al.2017, Gyurászová et al.2020). For this reason, it can be thought that one of the organs mainly affected by toxic agents is the kidneys and therefore kidney dysfunctions occur.
Euscaphic acid relieves fatigue by enhancing anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects
Published in Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 2023
Hee-Yun Kim, Hanchul Jung, Minson Kweon, Jungeun Kim, Su-Young Choi, Hyun-Jong Ahn, Cheung-Seog Park, Hyung-Min Kim, Hyun-Ja Jeong
Oxidative stress could significantly affect the etiology of chronic fatigue syndrome and that anti-oxidants might be a possible treatment [24]. An anti-fatigue effect of EA was observed by performing TST. In TST fatigue animal model, the effects of EA on the anti-fatigue and enzymatic anti-oxidant activities were shown in Figure 2. The exhaustive time of EA-administered mice was notably longer than that of the control mice (Figure 2(A), p < 0.05). Next, our results showed that the activity of SOD and CAT was notably enhanced by the oral administration of EA compared to the control mice (Figure 2(B,C), p < 0.05). Furthermore, activity of SOD was notably higher in the serum, muscle, and liver of EA-administered mice than that of control group. MDA is a product of oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. MDA has frequently been used as an indicator of fatigue in response to exercise [25]. In this study, the MDA levels were significantly decreased in the EA-administrated mice compared to the control mice (Figure 2(D), p < 0.05). The body weights had no significant changes among the groups until the end of the experiment. (Supplementary Figure 3(A)).