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Protecting Pancreatic β-cells from Metabolic Insults
Published in Christophe Wiart, Medicinal Plants in Asia for Metabolic Syndrome, 2017
Aqueous extract of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. given to Wistar rats and streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats (glycemia > 300 mg/dL) at a single oral dose of 1 g/kg lowered glycemia by about 25%, 210 minutes after oral glucose loading.450 The extract given daily at a dose of 0.5 g/kg to streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats for 7 days lowered fasting plasma glucose from 395.7 to 341.2 mg/dL (normal 81.3 mg/dL; glibenclamide at 5 mg/kg: 326.8 mg/dL), had no effect on serum cholesterol, lowered plasma triglycerides and brought high-density lipoprotein–cholesterol.450 The extract at a concentration of 100 µg/mL increased glucose-induced secretion of insulin by perfused rat pancreas.450 Lee et al. provided evidence that a hexane fraction of aqueous extract of leaves of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. at a concentration of 200 µM induced insulin expression and pancreatic and duodenal homeobox-1 expression buy INS-1 cells. Increased insulin expression was accompanied by increased phosphorylated phosphoinositide 3-kinase and Akt phosphorylation.451 This fraction, at a concentration of 200 µM protected INS-1 cells against high glucose-induced insults. The activation of pancreatic and duodenal homeobox-1 via Akt and phosphoinositide 3-kinase is known to promote the regeneration of β-cells in rodents,452 and glucose-stimulated pre-proinsulin gene expression and nuclear trans-location of pancreatic duodenum homeobox-1 require activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase.453 The active constituent(s) in Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. inducing insulin secretion is yet unknown but being soluble in hexane, one can anticipate nonpolar natural product. Yuliana et al. (2009) isolated series of methoxylated flavonoids such as 3′,4′,5,6,7-pentamethoxyflavone which are antagonists for adenosine A1 receptor in vitro. In mice, adenosine A1 receptor agonists decrease insulin secretion.454,455 Other nonpolar constituents in this plant are isopimarane diterpenes such as orthosiphol X which inhibited nitric oxide production by macrophage like J774.1 cells challenged with lipopolysaccharides with an IC50 value of 6.4 µM.456 Nitric oxide interferes with the secretion of insulin and this free radical is known to inhibit Akt.457 It would be of interest to assess the insulinotropic activity of isopimaranes produced by Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. Clinical trials are warranted.
Systematic review on activity of liposomal encapsulated antioxidant, antibiotics, and antiviral agents
Published in Journal of Liposome Research, 2022
Reshna K. R, Preetha Balakrishnan, Sreerag Gopi
Orthosiphon stamineus is a medicinal herb with remarkable pharmacological properties. But its poor solubility of the active principles limits its medicinal value. The Orthosiphon stamineus liposomes demonstrated significant enhancement of intestinal absorption of the active principles, which can be attributed to the improvement in aqueous solubility and permeability and colloidal stability of Orthosiphon stamineus liposomes. The released extract was studied for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging effect. The results showed potent scavenging of DPPH in both Orthosiphon stamineus liposomes and non-formulated extract; however, stronger effect was obtained in Orthosiphon stamineus liposomes (IC50 = 23.5 ± 1.1 μg/mL) than in nonformulated extract (IC50 = 32.4 ± 0.5 μg/mL), p=.000. This study may provide a basic formulation of Orthosiphon stamineus ethanolic extract for preparation of oral drug delivery system, and possibly topical delivery systems to the skin (Aisha et al.2014).
Anticlastogenic, antimutagenic, and cytoprotective properties of Orthosiphon stamineus ethanolic leaves extract
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Dhamraa W. Al-Dulaimi, Aman Shah Abdul Majid, Hussein M. Baharetha, Mohamed B. Khadeer Ahamed, Sarah Furqan Faisal, Raghdaa Hamdan Al Zarzour, Chern Ein Oon, Amin Malik Shah Abdul Majid, Loiy E. Ahmed Hassan
The use of herbal supplements has increased considerably over the past years. In South East Asia, Orthosiphon stamineus or (Misai kucing) tea is well known and used for a variety of purposes, including treating inflammatory disorders like rheumatism, edema, gout, kidney, and bladder inflammation. Tablets and capsules containing dry leaf powder are now available as dietary complements. Recent studies also have supported its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiangiogenesis (Basheer and Majid 2010). Many active compounds has been determined in E.t O. s including: Rosmarinic acid, Orthosiphol A, tetramethoxy flavone, Sinensetin, Eupatorin, Betulinic acid, Oleanolic acid, and Ursolic acid (Al-Suede et al.2014).
50% Ethanol extract of Orthosiphon stamineus modulates genotoxicity and clastogenicity induced by mitomycin C
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2018
Dhamraa Waleed Al-dualimi, Aman Shah Abdul Majid, Sarah Furqan Faisal Al-Shimary, Amal Aziz Al-Saadi, Raghdaa Al Zarzour, Muhammad Asif, Chern Ein Oon, Amin Malik Shah Abdul Majid
Orthosiphon stamineus (O.s) herb is widely grown in south-east Asia. It is commonly referred as ‘Misai Kucing’ or cat whiskers in Malaysia, popularly known as Java tea. The leaves are commonly brewed as a tea for a variety of purposes including kidney stone, bladder inflammation, gout, and edema. It has been recently approved by European Medical Agency to treat urinary tract infection (Ramesh et al. 2014, Lee et al. 2015). The leaves extracts show strong anti-oxidant (Chew et al. 2011), hepatoprotective (Alshawsh et al. 2015), nephroprotective (Ramesh et al. 2014), as well as antiproliferative and antiangiogenic activities (Dolečková et al. 2012).