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Innovations and Future Prospects of Dermal Delivery Systems
Published in Tapash K. Ghosh, Dermal Drug Delivery, 2020
Rashmi Upasani, Anushree Herwadkar, Neha Singh, Ajay K. Banga
Lecithin organogel vehicle is another delivery system that is regarded to have potential for its ability to facilitate topical delivery for dermal and transdermal effects. These vehicles have a “jelly like” appearance and are composed of phospholipids (lecithin), organic solvent (e.g., isorpropyl myristate and isopropylpalmitate) and water. The “bio-friendly” lecithin functions as gelator molecule with the non-polar organic solvent as external phase and water as internal phase. When lecithin comes in contact with the external organic phase they self-assemble into reverse micellar structures, which go on to form elongated tubular micelles with the addition of water. These structures subsequently entangle to form a three-dimensional network leading to the formation of a lecithin organogel (Kumar et al. 2005). These vehicles can incorporate a wide array of substances with diverse physicochemical properties (e.g., size, molecular weight, solubility). Their well-balanced hydrophilic and lipophilic character and supersolubilizing capacity make them suitable vehicles for effectively transporting drug molecules (both hydrophilic and lipophilic actives) into and across the skin. They are thermodynamically stable and insensitive to moisture attack due to their organic nature. As they form spontaneously, their processing is very simple. While the excipients included in these formulations are non-immunogenic and biocompatible, they contain high levels of surfactant and organic solvent. Therefore, it is important to consider the safety and irritancy of the formulation for prolonged use. Lecithin organogels entail the use of high purity lecithin for gelling, which is expensive. Inclusion of pluronics as co-surfactants in these formulations makes organogelling possible with a less purity lecithin. Several antiemetics, muscle relaxants, neuropathy drugs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and systemic analgesics and hormones are commercially available as pluronic organogels. Bhatia et al. carried out a formulation optimization study for incorporating tamoxifen in lecithin organogels. The outcomes of the study demonstrated that properties of the tamoxifen loaded lecithin organogels were dependent on the type and amount of phospholipid, auxiliary gelators, organic solvents and Poloxamer™ used in the formulation. Figure 14.1 is a pictorial description of the procedure followed for preparation of lecithin organogels used in this study (Bhatia et al. 2013). Organogels have emerged to be a potential carrier system and offer an edge over other vesicular-based delivery systems (e.g., liposomes) in terms of efficacy, stability and technological simplicity. Additionally, their potential for the topical delivery of biotechnology-based molecules, e.g., peptides, makes them attractive.
Organogels based on amino acid derivatives and their optimization for drug release using response surface methodology
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2020
Beibei Hu, Haipeng Yan, Yanping Sun, Xi Chen, Yujuan Sun, Sanming Li, Yongshuai Jing, Heran Li
Of recent decades, organogels have received much attention for their potential applications in the areas of drug delivery, oil recovery, catalysis and cosmetic [1–3]. As the basic component of the organogel, gelators are usually some low-molecular-mass compounds, such as lecithin, sorbitan derivatives, fatty acid-derivatives, bis-urea compounds, amino acid derivatives, and so on [4–8]. A variety of organic solvents can be immobilised at extremely low concentration of these substances by the forces of non-covalent intermolecular interactions, such as H-bonds, π-π stacking, electrostatic interactions, metal coordination and London dispersion forces established between themselves, which could lead to various entangled structures, like wrinkle, lamellar and fibres [9–12].
Design and characterization of an organogel system containing ascorbic acid microparticles produced with propolis by-product
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2020
Lizziane Maria Belloto de Francisco, Diana Pinto, Hélen Cássia Rosseto, Lucas de Alcântara Sica de Toledo, Rafaela Said dos Santos, Paulo Jorge Cardoso da Costa, M. Beatriz P. P. Oliveira, Bruno Sarmento, Francisca Rodrigues, Marcos Luciano Bruschi
Binary polymer systems can be obtained by combining different types of polymers, or polymer blends (Needleman 1991; Bruschi et al. 2007), resulting in platforms for drug delivery with improved therapeutic efficacy (Liu et al. 2005; Almeida et al. 2014). Organogels are semi-solid systems obtained from the entrapment of organic liquids, such as vegetable oils, in a three-dimensional polymer network ( Hughes et al. 2009). The easy preparation, the thermodynamic stability, biocompatibility, and the improved topical performance, make the organogels interesting vehicles for different drugs (Paye et al. 2006; Almeida and Bahia 2006; Lo Nostro et al. 2007; Krambeck 2009).
Design and evaluation of molecular organogel based on folic acid as a potential green drug carrier for oral route
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2022
Masar Basim Mohsin Mohamed, Lina A. Dahabiyeh, Mohanad Naji Sahib
Gels are semisolid systems with various roles in everyday life [1]. One of its types is organogel. These systems are characterized by their three-dimensional network gelator fibers, which halt an organic liquid phase. Even though it is important in many aspects, especially in the pharmaceutical field as a drug carrier system, its use was vulnerable due to the toxicity of the selected organic solvents [2–4]. Consequently, in recent times, using biocompatible organogels has reinforced its development for food and pharmaceutical applications [2,5,6].