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Understanding the Proteomics of Medicinal Plants under Environmental Pollution
Published in Azamal Husen, Environmental Pollution and Medicinal Plants, 2022
Pooja Singh, V.K. Mishra, Rohit Kashyap, Rahul Rawat
Pollution of soils by heavy metals is an ever-growing problem throughout the world. Heavy metal contamination may affect the production of secondary metabolites (SMs) in medicinal plants (Husen 2021a, 2021b). A review of the literature suggests that there are both positive and negative alterations of SMs: heavy metal pollution has decreased secondary production in some plants, such as Hypericum perforatum L. (Murch et al. 2003) and Catharanthus roseus (Pandey et al. 2007) while other reports claim an increase in secondary metabolite production, such as in Artemisia annua L. (Rai et al. 2011), Bacopa monnieri L. (Sinha and Saxena 2006) and Mentha pulegium L. (Lajayer et al. 2017). Generally, enhanced secondary metabolite production results from increased synthesis of precursors (Zheng and Wu 2004). Alteration in secondary metabolism may be a strategy of the plant to survive and grow in adverse conditions (including growth in the presence of phytotoxic metals (Cobbett and Goldsbrough 2002).
Introduction to the management station
Published in Sukhpreet Singh Dubb, Core Surgical Training Interviews, 2020
A screening programme is a method of analysing individuals who are not known to have the disease that is being investigated. The purpose of this is to identify a given disease or a precursor that may lead to a given disease early. This allows for preventative measures to be taken for disease prevention, delay its progression or improve its prognosis.
Cocaine Pharmacology and Drug Interaction in the Fetal-Maternal Unit
Published in Richard J. Konkol, George D. Olsen, Prenatal Cocaine Exposure, 2020
George D. Olsen, Peter C. Schalock
The nitrogen atom in norcocaine and norcocaethylene can undergo further oxidation reactions which produces metabolites usually considered to be minor and of no consequence. However, under special circumstances these reactive metabolites may be produced in the liver in large enough quantity to do damage to that organ.28 For the toxic effects, large doses of the precursor drug are needed; enzymes have to be induced with pretreatment using an inducing drug such as phenobarbital; and there is species-dependent specificity, with the rodent being very susceptible in this regard.29
Effect and mechanism of paclitaxel loaded on magnetic Fe3O4@mSiO2-NH2-FA nanocomposites to MCF-7 cells
Published in Drug Delivery, 2023
Yun Ni, Peng Deng, Ruitong Yin, Ziye Zhu, Chen Ling, Mingyi Ma, Jie Wang, Shasha Li, Ruijiang Liu
Currently, new dosage forms of PTX mainly include emulsions (Li et al., 2022a), micelles (Abdallah et al., 2020), precursor drugs (Al-Hilfi & Walker, 2022), inclusion compounds, liposomes (Duan et al., 2022), nanoparticles (Gulsu et al., 2022; Chen et al., 2022b; Li et al., 2022c), and drug-releasing scaffolds (Obayemi et al., 2020). PTX nanoemulsion has many advantages, such as improved therapeutic effects, reduced side effects, maintained drug activity, and enhanced cell uptake and biological activity; however, their effectiveness and safety remain to be confirmed. Liposomes and micelles are promising drug carriers; however, their targeting, stability, and encapsulation efficiency remain to be improved (Alavi & Nokhodchi, 2022). The Cyclodextrin inclusion complex provided a feasible scheme for the oral preparation of PTX. The synthesis of precursor drugs is a complicated and expensive process, and their pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic properties may change unexpectedly. Regarding PTX preparation, nanoparticles have the advantages of high drug loading, large specific surface area, significantly increasing water solubility and reduced toxic and side effects (Fu et al., 2022; Gulsu et al., 2022; Sakhi et al., 2022). Magnetic nanodrug delivery systems have attracted increasing attention because of their good biocompatibility and multifunctional carrying capacity. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles have been applied to magnetic drug delivery systems by many researchers owing to their perfect preparation technology and good biocompatibility (Işıklan et al. 2022).
Relationship between anxiety and drug abstention motivation in men with substance use disorders: a cross-sectional study of compulsory isolation rehabilitation in China
Published in Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse, 2023
Yeqing Li, Xiaoqing Zeng, Huiyan Zhou
Drug addiction has become a major international social problem that generates serious economic pressure and security risks worldwide (Zhang et al., 2020). According to the World Drug Report 2020, approximately 270 million people abuse drugs each year, and nearly 35 million become addicted to drugs. As health services in many countries are struggling to cope with COVID-19, restrictions on drugs are being hampered. As a result, the drug market may expand and become further complicated. For example, under the economic crisis brought by COVID-19, more people have to take risks and engage in illegal activities such as drug trafficking. New types of potentially harmful opioids are on the rise, and the use of new psychotropic substances may become entrenched among vulnerable populations. The regulation of precursor chemicals encourages drug makers to innovate. (United Nations Office on Drugs & Crime, 2020). In China, the number of individuals with drug addiction reached 617 thousand in 2019 (Office of the National Narcotics Control Commission, 2020), and the number of relapsing individuals even exceeded the number of newly discovered individuals with drug addiction in the same year (Zhang et al., 2020). This finding shows that the problem of drug relapse is very prominent. Effectively reducing the relapse rate has become a key problem in the intervention and treatment of drug addiction (Office of the National Narcotics Control Commission, 2019).
Modeling approaches for reducing safety-related attrition in drug discovery and development: a review on myelotoxicity, immunotoxicity, cardiovascular toxicity, and liver toxicity
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2021
Elena M. Tosca, Roberta Bartolucci, Paolo Magni, Italo Poggesi
A mechanistic thrombocytopenia model, more complex than the simple Friberg one, was more recently proposed by Krzyzanski et al. to describe the effects of chemotherapy and radiation on platelet counts and endogenous thrombopoietin (eTPO) in mice [54]. The model consists of a series of aging compartments representing proliferating megakaryocyte precursors, megakaryocytes and platelets, which production is stimulated by eTPO receptor occupancy. The toxic effect of the treatment is modeled as a killing effect on the precursors cells. Differently from [51] where the Friberg model was used to describe only the platelet time course, the mechanistic modeling framework of Krzyzanski et al. considered the mutual influence of platelet and eTPO: eTPO controls the production of platelet that in turn governs the eTPO disposition. The mechanistic basis of the Krzyzanski model allowed to catch the complex thrombocytopenia dynamics, however made more challenging its practical use.