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An Introduction to the Ethnopharmacology of Wild Plants
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Ethnopharmacology of Wild Plants, 2021
Shandesh Bhattarai, Christiane Mendes Feitosa, Mahendra Rai
In addition, some other approved drugs are Gamma-linolenic acid for the treatment of eczema, cancer and nerve-damage treatment isolated from Evening Primrose [Oenothera biennis] (Online Medical Dictionary 2007), followed by Hoodia for weight loss from Hoodia plant [Hoodia gordonii] (Online Medical Dictionary 2007); Madagascar periwinkle for the treatment of leukemia, Hodgkin’s disease, and other cancers from Madagascar periwinkle [Catharanthus roseus] (Daily 1997); Pseudoephedrine (Pseudophed) for Bronchodilation, nasal decongestion, allergies from Mahuang shrub [Ephedra sinica] and other plants and fungi (Tuxhill 1999); Pilocarpine from Glaucoma treatment from Jaborandi plant [Pilocarpus species] (Online Medical Dictionary 2007); Scopolamine for sedation, motion sickness reduction from [Datura/Solananceae species]; Shikimic acid (e.g., Tamiflu) for the cure of viral diseases (influenza) from Star anise [Illicium verum] (Laurance 2005); Slippery elm bark lining for the relief of coughs, gastrointestinal ailments, skin irritations from Slippery elm [Ulmusrubra] (Roberson 2008); Tazopsine for malaria treatment from [Strychnopsis thouarsii] bark (Carraz et al. 2006); Tubocuranine for surgical muscle relaxation from Curare vine [Chondrodendron tomentosum] (Online Medical Dictionary 2007). Besides, Byetta for diabetes from Gila monster [Heloderma suspectum] (McClain 2005); Penicillin for bacterial infection cure from Penicillium fungus species (Abramovitz 1997).
Assyria
Published in Michael J. O’Dowd, The History of Medications for Women, 2020
Evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) is ‘similar in many ways to the water hemlock, a poisonous plant which could cause vomiting, convulsions and stupor, but if applied locally was known to have anodyne qualities and was used to treat pain in venereal disease’. In the seventeenth century, Nicholas Culpeper advised a salve of primrose leaves to help wounds to heal. Found in 1919 to contain gamma linolenic acid, evening primrose oil became a medical and commercial success in the management of premenstrual syndrome in the 1980s and 1990s.
Herbal Products for the Treatment of Psoriasis
Published in Siba P. Raychaudhuri, Smriti K. Raychaudhuri, Debasis Bagchi, Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis, 2017
Anna Herman, Andrzej P. Herman
The clinical trials represented in Table 19.5 show that oral administration of glycyrrhizin (Wang et al. 2008; Ye et al. 2009), a combination of N. sativa and methotrexate (Ahmed et al. 2014), and CHM with acitretin capsule (Zhang et al. 2009) had a significant improvement in the treatment of psoriasis compared with the control group. Liu and Tan (2004) described a case series of 40 patients with chronic plaque psoriasis who received an oral herbal mixture (Radix Astragali, Radix Codonopsis, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Radix Paeoniae Rubra, Rhizoma Chuanxiong, Pheretima, Radix chyranthis Bidentatae, Radix Arnebiae seu Lithospermi, and Radix Glycyrrhizae) twice a day and at the same time topically applied 10% boric acid ointment once a day for 60 days’ treatment. After treatment, 60% of patients experienced almost complete clearance of lesions. In systematic review, Zhou at al. (2014) described that CHMs may have beneficial effects on the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris. For example, oral administration of Liangxue Jiedu Tang and Liangxue Huoxue Fang improved the clinical effectiveness of the treatment of psoriasis and can be strongly recommended, while Tu Ling Yin and Xiao Yin Tang received weak recommendation. The dietary supplementation of a combination of marine oil and evening primrose oil from Oenothera biennis in the treatment of chronic stable plaque psoriasis showed no differences in clinical symptoms or plaque thickness (Oliwiecki and Burton 1994).
The effect of evening primrose oil (Oenothera biennis) on the level of adiponectin and some biochemical parameters in rats with fructose induced metabolic syndrome
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2022
Handan Mert, Kıvanç İrak, Salih Çibuk, Serkan Yıldırım, Nihat Mert
Evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) is a wild medicinal plant, and the oil extracted from its seed is very rich in gamma-linolenic acid. It is traditionally used in the treatment of some diseases in different parts of the world. Recently, oils containing γ-linolenic acid (GLA), such as primrose oil, have become increasingly popular and are sold as capsule supplements. GLA, an 18-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acid of the omega 6 series, is a metabolite of linoleic acid and prostaglandin E1 and 15-OH dihomo gamma-linolenic acid is synthesised from GLA (Taweechaisupapong et al.2005). Prostaglandin E1 is known as an anti-inflammatory agent. There are studies reporting that evening primrose oil positively changes the lipid profile (Singer et al.1986, Villalobos et al.1998, Abo-Gresha et al.2014). Again, cytokine levels have been shown to decrease in rats fed with a diet containing GLA, and thus GLA can modulate some serum cytokine levels such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), which may be a valuable treatment line in some human diseases (Dirks et al.1998). It is also reported that evening primrose oil reduces oxidative stress (de La Cruz et al.1999, El-Sayed et al.2014).
Skin hyperpigmentation treatment using herbs: A review of clinical evidences
Published in Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 2018
Mayuree Kanlayavattanakul, Nattaya Lourith
Evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) saponified oil (12.5 μg/ml) significantly inhibited melanin production in B16F10 melanoma cells. The bio-oil proved nontoxic at 100 μg/ml, with the cells being viable with the melanin content decreasing to 12.8 ± 1.8% of the initial levels. The mechanism of action was investigated with tyrosinase inhibition occurring at the transcriptional level through the decreased mRNA expression of TRP-1, TRP-2, and MITF. A trial in three healthy men having UVB-induced hyperpigmentation on their forearms showed that visible reductions in skin pigmentation were observable after topical application of the oil twice daily for 2 months. Significant improvements were measurable after 1 month of treatment (as quantified using a Mexameter®), with no erythema being observed. Fatty acid components linoleic acid (65–75%), linolenic acid (7–10%), and oleic acid (9%) were deemed responsible for the skin-lightening effects (33).
Evening primrose oil and labour, is it effective? A randomised clinical trial
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2018
Mahnaz Kalati, Maryam Kashanian, Fereshteh Jahdi, Mohsen Naseri, Hamid Haghani, Narges Sheikhansari
The other method for preventing post-term pregnancy, cervical ripening and shortening the duration of labour is using selected herbs (Cohen et al. 2000) including evening primrose oil (EvPO). EvPO is extracted from evening primrose plant seeds (oenothera biennis). It is full of non-saturated fatty acids especially linoleic and gamma—1 linolenic acid (Szczesna 1993) and is a rich source of omega-6 essential fatty acids (Bayles and Usatine 2009). Its therapeutic effects are mainly attributed to its omega-6 essential fatty acids, which can indirectly affect the synthesis of prostaglandins and cytokines (Bayles and Usatine 2009). Therefore, it can be speculated that EvPO may be used for cervical ripening (Vahdat et al. 2015).