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Sunscreens
Published in Dimitris Rigopoulos, Alexander C. Katoulis, Hyperpigmentation, 2017
Octyl methoxycinnamate is a good UVB absorber but is not as potent as PABA and its esters. Presently, it is the most common sunscreen ingredient in the United States. Although an approved agent, cinoxate is currently not used in any sunscreens in the United States.
Safety and Efficacy of Sunscreen Formulations Containing Carrier or Non-Carrier-Based UV-Filters
Published in Andreia Ascenso, Sandra Simões, Helena Ribeiro, Carrier-Mediated Dermal Delivery, 2017
Carolina Gomes Benevenuto, Lorena Rigo Gaspar
Octyl methoxycinnamate is the most widely used UV-filter [35]. The topical application of octyl methoxycinnamate is well tolerated [35] and the incidence of photodermatitis related to this substance is very low [42]. In vitro skin permeation studies have shown that only 0.2-0.3% of the applied UV- filter penetrates the viable epidermis and these values can be overestimated when compared to human studies [39,43,44]. Although some studies have reported an in vivo estrogen-like effect of octyl methoxycinnamate [45], this effect was not observed in humans [43].
Insights and controversies on sunscreen safety
Published in Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 2020
Juliana P. Paiva, Raiane R. Diniz, Alvaro C. Leitão, Lucio M. Cabral, Rodrigo S. Fortunato, Bianca A. M. C. Santos, Marcelo de Pádula
Two classes of UV filters are currently being used in sunscreens for minimization of skin UV-induced effects: organic filters, e.g. octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC), benzophenone (BP), and its derivatives or octocrylene (OC), and inorganic, e.g. zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) (Ruszkiewicz et al. 2017). Each UV filter has its characteristic absorption spectrum, so it is common to have more than one filter per formulation to broaden protection spectrum by synergistic or additive action. In general, to protect skin against UV-induced damages, organic and inorganic UV filters should act as chromophores in place of the skin's endogenous chromophores by absorbing or reflecting UV photons (González et al. 2008), as demonstrated in Figure 2.
Metabolism and disposition of 2-ethylhexyl-p-methoxycinnamate following oral gavage and dermal exposure in Harlan Sprague Dawley rats and B6C3F1/N mice and in hepatocytes in vitro
Published in Xenobiotica, 2018
Timothy R. Fennell, James M. Mathews, Rodney W. Snyder, Yan Hong, Scott L. Watson, Sherry R. Black, Barry S. McIntyre, Suramya Waidyanatha
2-Ethylhexyl-p-methoxycinnamate (EHMC, also known as octyl methoxycinnamate) is a widely used sunscreen ingredient (Manova et al., 2013). The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulate EHMC at a maximum level of 7.5% by weight in sunscreens (Sevin, 2006). EHMC is also widely reported in other consumer products including hair products, cosmetics and lipsticks and lip balms. Estimates of human exposure have indicated that the majority of the exposure arises from sunscreen use (Manova et al., 2013). Little information is available on production, since EHMC production is no longer reported under the Toxic Substance Control Act (Sevin, 2006).
Quality by design enabled the development of stable and effective oil-in-water emulsions at compounding pharmacy: the case of a sunscreen formulation
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2021
Celia Maria Vargas da Costa Buzzo, Attilio Converti, José Alexsandro da Silva, Alexsandra Conceição Apolinário
The UVA/UVB filter Eusolex® 4360 (benzophenone-3) was acquired from Infinity Pharma (Campinas, SP, Brazil). Tinosorb®S (bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazin) was purchased from Biovital. The UVB filter Uvinul® MC80 (octyl methoxycinnamate) was acquired from Valdequímica (São Paulo, SP, Brazil), while the UVB filters octyl salicylate (ethylhexyl salicylate), 4-methylbenzylidene-camphor (4-MBC) and UVA I absorber Neo Heliopan® 357 (avobenzone) were purchased from Biovital.