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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
Published in Adorjan Aszalos, Modern Analysis of Antibiotics, 2020
Joel J. Kirschbaum, Adorjan Aszalos
Nitroxoline is used in the treatment of urinary tract infections of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. It was quantified in plasma using an octadecylsilane column with a mobile phase of 8-hydroxyquinoline-0. 2 M aqeuous phosphate buffer-methanol-water (0.1:8:35:57, w/w) flowing at 1.5 ml/min into a detector adjusted to 436 nm [462], The limit of detection was 80 ng/ml plasma, with 95% recovery. The calibration curve was linear between 0.08 and 40 yg/ml. At 0.2 μg/ml, reproducibility studies showed a relative standard deviation of 8%; at 20 μg/ml, the relative standard deviation was 3%.
Drug design strategies with metal-hydroxyquinoline complexes
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2020
Ivana M. Savić-Gajić, Ivan M. Savić
Today, there are a great number of synthesized HQs derivatives and their complexes with metals. These compounds can be used as bacteriostatic and fungistatic compounds in the treatment of various skin infections and inhibition of abnormal biological growth in the vagina and restoring natural pH [73]. The CQ is commercially used as an antibiotic for the preparation of oral and topical formulations [74]. Since CQ has an ability to inhibit metal-induced Aβ aggregation and block ROS formation, it is used in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. The therapeutic potential is reduced due to its extensive first-pass metabolism, inability to cross the blood-brain barrier and nonspecific interactions with metal ions necessary for normal cellular processes [74]. The Food and Drug Administration allowed the use of nitroxoline as an antibiotic in clinics from the 1960s. The activity of nitroxoline against the cancer of ovarian, bladder, pancreatic, breast, leukemia, lymphoma, and glioma was noticed [16,75,76]. Its cytotoxicity was significantly enhanced after copper chelation [77]. Clinical application of nitroxoline complex is limited due to its low affinity to malignant cells by systemic administration [74]. The metal complexes with HQ as anticancer drugs require targeted delivery in the organism because these compounds can be toxic to healthy cells. There are numerous techniques that can improve drug solubility, including the encapsulation in appropriate carriers. This section will give an overview of recent developments in both drug carrier and target delivery systems of HQ, its derivatives and complexes with metals.
Susceptibility of Escherichia coli to nitroxoline, an option for uncomplicated urinary tract infections – the first report from Croatia
Published in Journal of Chemotherapy, 2018
Ivana Mareković, Zrinka Bošnjak, Karla Jurić, Mario Ćorić, Sanja Popović-Grle
We read with an interest the article from Concia et al. giving an overview of the therapeutic management of the urinary tract infections (UTI), especially uncomplicated and recurrent cystitis, based on the main international guidelines. The global threat of antimicrobial resistance is reflecting also on the treatment of UTI and authors directed towards the one of the possible solutions – the old antimicrobials, including nitrofurantoin, pivmecillinam and fosfomycin trometamol that maintained the microbiological activity against the most common UTI pathogens.1 Hereby we wanted to point out nitroxoline (NTX), one additional old antimicrobial agent, as a possible option for the treatment of uncomplicated UTI. NTX 250 mg every 8 h for 5 days is already recommended as a possible treatment choice in patients with uncomplicated cystitis in German update 2017 of the interdisciplinary AWMF S3 guideline.2
Balamuthia mandrillaris: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment
Published in Expert Opinion on Orphan Drugs, 2020
Mohammad Ridwane Mungroo, Naveed Ahmed Khan, Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
Nitroxoline is a quinoline compound commonly used to treat urinary tract infections. Nitroxoline was amoebicidal against B. mandrillaris at low concentrations with an IC50 of 2.84 μM [7]. It was also reported that nitroxoline expressed cysticidal activity against B. mandrillaris with an IC50 of 15.48 μM [8]. 35 μM nitroxoline was able to protect human brain tissue explants from B. mandrillaris infections [8].