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The Toxic Environment and Its Medical Implications with Special Emphasis on Smoke Inhalation
Published in Jacob Loke, Pathophysiology and Treatment of Inhalation Injuries, 2020
Jacob Loke, Richard A. Matthay, G. J. Walker. Smith
The toxic effects of thermodecomposition products of nitrocellulose roentgenographic film and plastics were recognized at the Clevelend Clinic Radiology Department fire in 1929 (Nichols, 1930) and at the Boston-Cocoanut Grove night club fire in 1942 (Mallory and Brickley, 1943). Toxic gases liberated with the combustion of nitrocellulose film include carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and hydrogen cyanide (Nichols, 1930). Since World War II, there has been a tremendous increase in the production and use of synthetic plastics and resins over natural materials. The toxic gases produced depend on the types of plastic polymers being pyrolyzed or burned (Zapp, 1962; MacFarland and Leong, 1962). Critical are the thermochemistry and kinetics of the particular plastic polymer. With the pyrolysis and combustion of polyurethane, for example, hydrogen cyanide will be produced (Mohler, 1975; Terrill et al., 1978; Levin et ah, 1985b), while the combustion of polyvinyl chloride causes the release of hydrogen chloride (Dyer and Esch, 1976).
Relation of Antigliadin Antibodies to Gluten-Sensitive Enteropathy
Published in Tadeusz P. Chorzelski, Ernst H. Beutner, Vijay Kumar, Tadeusz K. Zalewski, Serologic Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, 2020
Wim Th. J. M. Hekkens, Marja van Twist - de Graaf
Janssen et al.50 used the dot method for a fast screening of processed meat. They mixed meat samples with different proteins like whey protein, soy protein, ovalbumin, wheat gluten, and casein. The samples were heated for 5 min at 100°C and extracted with a SDS-containing buffer. The extracts were applied onto nitrocellulose and screened. One screening method was incubation with the appropriate colloidal gold-labeled antiserum and development by silver enhancement. The other method used an appropriate unlabeled rabbit antiserum and subsequent incubation with (rabbit) peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex. Both methods were compared; the first method was more sensitive, but also more expensive.
Collodion baby and harlequin ichthyosis
Published in Biju Vasudevan, Rajesh Verma, Dermatological Emergencies, 2019
D. V. Lakshmi, Sahana M. Srinivas
The term collodion baby (CB) refers to a phenotypic entity and not a specific disease per se. It is defined as a phenotypic presentation of a newborn encased by a membrane that is inelastic, translucent, and tight, and has a parchment-like sheet of skin on the entire body surface that eventually detaches to unveil underlying ichthyosiform genodermatosis. It is so named for its resemblance to a dried film of “collodion,” a sticky brown nitrocellulose solution in ether and alcohol used previously as a wound sealant. Collodion baby as a term was coined by Hallopeau and Watelet in 1892 [1–3].
Pterostilbene fluorescent probes as potential tools for targeting neurodegeneration in biological applications
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2022
Lidia Ciccone, Susanna Nencetti, Maria Marino, Chiara Battocchio, Giovanna Iucci, Iole Venditti, Martina Marsotto, Emiliano Montalesi, Simone Socci, Beatrice Bargagna, Elisabetta Orlandini
Briefly, after the treatments, cells were lysed and protein were solubilised in the YY buffer (50 mM HEPES at pH 7.5, 10% glycerol, 150 mM NaCl, 1% Triton X‐100, 1 mM EDTA, and 1 mM EGTA) containing 0.70% (wt/vol) sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). Total proteins were quantified using the Bradford protein assay (Bio‐Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA). Solubilised proteins (20 µg) were resolved by 7% or 15% SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at 100 V for 1 h at 24.0 °C and then transferred to nitrocellulose with the Trans‐Blot Turbo Transfer System (Bio‐Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA) for 10 min. The nitrocellulose was treated with 5% (wt/vol) bovine serum albumin in 138.0 mM NaCl, 25.0 mM Tris, pH 8.0, at 24.0 °C for 1 h and then probed overnight at 4.0 °C with anti‐PARP‐1 (final dilution, 1:1000) or with anti-NGB (final dilution, 1:1000) antibodies. Moreover, anti‐α‐tubulin (final dilution, 1:30,000) antibody was used to normalise the protein loaded. The antibody reaction was visualised with the chemiluminescence western blot analysis detection reagent (Amersham Biosciences, Little Chalfont, UK). The densitometric analyses were performed by the ImageJ software for Microsoft Windows (National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD).
Development of an intelligent knowledge base for identification of accident causes based on Fu et al.’s model
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2022
• Accident 4: a chemical explosion [15]. A dangerous chemical warehouse in the Ruihai Company was hit by a fire caused by spontaneous firing of nitrocellulose in the containers. Nitrocellulose is a highly flammable, explosive chemical that slowly decomposes at room temperature and produces heat. Forklift drivers did not use care while transporting and storing these nitrocellulose containers, causing them to open by breaking. Poor ventilation in the container caused heat accumulation and the initial fire started when the nitrocellulose reached its spontaneous ignition temperature. The fire spread to nearby containers and caused an explosion. Due to the fire and shock wave emitted from the first explosion, a powerful explosion occurred, and this catastrophic accident resulted in 165 deaths, 798 injuries and eight people missing.
An Improved Ocular Impression Cytology Method: Quantitative Cell Transfer to Microscope Slides Using a Novel Polymer
Published in Current Eye Research, 2022
Adam Master, Wei Huang, Liqun Huang, Robert Honkanen, Basil Rigas
All general solvents and reagents were of HPLC grade or of the highest grade commercially available. Nitrocellulose membranes: mixed cellulose nitrate and acetate esters, 0.22 µm pore size, (cat. no. GSTF14250, Millipore Corp. Bedford, MA). Glutaraldehyde 50% aqueous solution (16320, Electron Microscopy Sciences, Hatfield, PA). Bovine collagen type I 5 mg/mL (A1064401, Thermo Fisher Scientific, CA). Reagents: Sodium metasulfite (161519), Ponceau S (141194), ethanol (T038181000), 1-butanol (B7906), poly-L-lysine 0.1% (w/v) in H2O (P8920), polyethylenimine branched Mn~10,000 (408727), polyethylene glycol 400 (202398), periodic Acid-Schiff PAS kit (395B), hematoxylin (HHS16) and eosin (HT110316), Rhodamine B isothiocyanate 283924 and fluorescein isothiocyanate (46950) were from Sigma (St Louis, MO). VECTASHIELD® Antifade Mounting Medium with DAPI (H-1500, Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA). S100A8/9 antibody (48M7C7, Norvus, St Louis, MO). ATF4 (11815, Cell Signalling, Beverly, MA). NFAT5 antibody (GTX23446, GeneTex). Antibodies: CD11b/ITGAM (ab133357, Abcam, Cambridge, MA). HRP-anti-rabbit IgG (ab7090), HRP-anti-mouse (ab47827), FITC-anti-rabbit (ab6717), FITC-anti-mouse (ab6785), Texas Red anti-mouse (ab6787), Texas Red anti-rabbit (ab6719) antibodies, as well as goat IgG (ab37373), rabbit IgG (ab37415) and mouse IgG (ab37355) Isotype controls were from Abcam (Cambridge, MA). Histostain Plus Bulk kit (85–8943, Invitrogen, Frederick, MD). In all instances, we used the antibody dilutions recommended by their respective manufacturers; they ranged between 1:200 and 1:2,000.