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The Potential of Medicinal Plants as Treatments for Infections Caused by Aspergillus spp.
Published in Namrita Lall, Medicinal Plants for Cosmetics, Health and Diseases, 2022
Tefo K. Pule, Marco N. De Canha, Namrita Lall, Quenton Kritzinger
This may suggest that there may be synergistic effects between some plants exhibiting antifungal activity and commercial antifungal agents. Artemisia spp. (Figure 19.3A), Solanum aculeastrum (Figure 19.3B) and Myrtus communis (Figure 19.3C) are examples of medicinal plants reported to have anti-Aspergillus activity. Leaf extracts from Artemisia spp. have been reported to be effective against Aspergillus spp., with the ZOI ranging from 6.25–25 mm (Njoki, Okoth, and Wachira, 2017). Solanum aculeastrum also showed antifungal activity against A. flavus with the positive control, Apron Star (a class III blue active ingredient fungicide containing 20% thiamethoxam + 20% metalaxyl-M + 2% difenoconazole) having a larger ZOI (± 6 mm difference) (Njoki, Okoth, and Wachira, 2017).
Pesticides and Chronic Diseases
Published in William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel, Reversibility of Chronic Disease and Hypersensitivity, Volume 4, 2017
William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel
Considering only farm women (n = 25,814) in the AHS, 10 pesticides were found to be associated with allergic asthma and one with nonallergic asthma.1061 Ten pesticides included: two herbicides, that is, 2,4-D and glyphosate; seven insecticides, that is, a carbamate (carbaryl), OPs (coumaphos, parathion, malathion, and phorate), an organochlorine (DDT), a pyrethroid (permethrin), and one fungicide (metalaxyl). Of these, the OP insecticides parathion and coumaphos again showed the strongest associations, as did the fungicide metalaxyl. The insecticide permethrin was the only exposure associated with nonatopic asthma in women.
Contact Dermatitis in Agriculture
Published in Ana Maria Osorio, Lynn R. Goldman, Proceedings from the Medical Workshop on Pesticide-Related Illnesses from the International Conference on Pesticide Exposure and Health, 2017
Sahar Sohrabian, Howard Maibach
Metalaxyl (Ridomil) is an analog of phenyalanine that inhibits fungal protein synthesis by interference with the synthesis of ribosomal RNA. Direct facial exposure to metalaxyl has resulted in facial swelling, photophobia, along with slight erythema.
Genotoxic action of Luna Experience-SC 400 fungicide on rat bone marrow
Published in Biomarkers, 2019
Ayla Çelik, Gizem Güler, Cuma Aktaş, Serap Yalin
Many studies has been shown to be toxic and genotoxic effects of the fungicides (Yüzbaşıoğlu et al.2006, Demsia et al.2007, Lone et al.2017). Demsia et al. (2007) investigated the genotoxic effects of imidaclorpid, methalaxyl and imidaclorpid-methalaxyl combination in rat bone marrow and human peripheral lymphocytres cultures. In in vitro micronucleus analysis, they found that MN frequencies after treatment with pesticide combination separately or a mixture, do not significantly differ from those in the controls except after treatment with metalaxyl alone at 50 µg/ml (p < 0.05). It is determined that there is a statistically significant increase (p < 0.05) in SCE frequency after treatment with 5, 10 and 100 µg/ml doses of metalaxyl and the combination of imidacloprid and with 100 and 200 µg/ml of metalaxyl. The results of study performed by Demsia et al. (2007) support the findings of our study because Luna experience SC 400 is a mixture of fluopyram and tebuconazole fungicides, it is important to see the additive effect. Studies investigating separately the effects of fluopyram and tebuconazole have been reported to be genotoxic and cytotoxic in in vitro cell cultures or in vivo animal studies and in exposed populations (Remor et al.2009, Šivikova et al.2013, Schwarzbacherová et al.2017, Šivikova et al.2018).
Analyzing pesticides and metal(loid)s in imported tobacco to Saudi Arabia and risk assessment of inhalation exposure to certain metals
Published in Inhalation Toxicology, 2022
Mohammed A. Al Mutairi, Hatim A. Al Herbish, Rakan S. Al-Ajmi, Hatim Z. Alhazmi, Reham A. Al-Dhelaan, Abdullah M. Alowaifeer
The average concentration of all 23 detected pesticide residues ranged between 0.004 to 1.155 µg/g. Brand F had the highest number of pesticide residues, with ten detected pests. Brands B, D, E, and H had nine pesticide residues, and brands A and C contained six pesticides. Azoxystrobin in brand H was found to have the highest average concentration of 1.155 ± 0.01 µg/g; followed by piperonyl butoxide in brand D with an average concentration of 0.385 ± 0.01 µg/g. In contrast, the lowest detected pesticide was metalaxyl in brands B and D with an average concentration of 0.004 ± 0.0008 and 0.004 ± 0.0006 µg/g; respectively.
Antifungal activity of fabricated mesoporous silica nanoparticles against early blight of tomato
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2018
Aly Derbalah, Mohamed Shenashen, Amany Hamza, Ahmed Mohamed, Sherif El Safty
Tetramethylorthosilicate (TMOS), dodecane (C12H26), and the triblock copolymers of poly(ethyleneoxide–b-propylene oxide–b-ethylene oxide) (Pluronic P123; EO20PO70EO20) were obtained from the Sigma-Aldrich Company, Ltd. (USA). These analytical-grade chemicals were used without further purification. Metalaxyl is the recommended fungicide for the control of tomato early blight pathogen; this chemical with a trade name of Metalaxyl 25% EC Nanjing Essence Fine-Chemical Co., Ltd. was obtained from the Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. (Cairo, Egypt).