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The Isolated Hepatocyte and Isolated Perfused Liver as Models for Studying Drug- and Chemical-Induced Hepatotoxicity
Published in Robert G. Meeks, Steadman D. Harrison, Richard J. Bull, Hepatotoxicology, 2020
David J. Sweeny, Robert B. Diasio
Recently, Thomas and Reed (1988a) demonstrated that incubation of isolated hepatocytes in the presence of reduced (< 2.0 mM) levels of Ca2+ resulted in an increased loss of cell viability. This toxicity was suggested to be a consequence of an oxidative process, because of the correlation of malondialdehyde formation (indicator of lipid peroxidation) with the loss of cell viability. Moreover, the role of an oxidative process in this toxicity was further suggested by the finding that the antioxidants vitamin E and chlorpromazine, as well as the iron chelators desferrioxamine and EDTA prevented the production of malondialdehyde and the loss of cell viability. Further studies (Thomas and Reed, 1988b) suggested that the toxicity produced in isolated hepatocytes incubated in the presence of reduced extracellular Ca2+ may have resulted from mitochondrial Ca2+ cycling, since ruthenium red and lanthanides, which inhibit Ca2+ uptake into the mitochondria, prevented this toxicity. Therefore, while an increase in cytosolic free Ca2+ appears important in the development of the toxicity produced by a number of compounds, an increase in cytosolic free Ca2+ may not be essential to the development of drug- and chemical-induced hepatotoxicity.
Herbs with Antidepressant Effects
Published in Scott Mendelson, Herbal Treatment of Major Depression, 2019
In a breed of mice known as “accelerated senescence-prone, short-lived mice,” extract of Polygala tenuifolia, as well as an oligosaccharide ester from a highly purified fraction, exhibited potent antioxidant effects. Treatment significantly increased activities of the superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase enzymes in liver tissue. Levels of the oxidation marker malondialdehyde were decreased in both liver and blood.8
EFFECT OF Plectranthus wightii METHANOL EXTRACT AGAINST GENTAMICIN-INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY IN RATS
Published in V. R. Mohan, A. Doss, P. S. Tresina, Ethnomedicinal Plants with Therapeutic Properties, 2019
P. S. Tresina, V. Sornalakshmi, K. Paulpriya, V. R. Mohan
Quantitative estimation of malondialdehyde (MDA) formation was done by the method proposed by Okhawa et al. (1979) and it was done by determining the concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance in serum. Enzymatic antioxidants, superoxide dismutase (SOD) (Mishra and Fridowich, 1972), Catalase (Aebi, 1974), nonenzymatic antioxidant glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (Paglia and Valentine, 1967) and glutathione reductase (GRD) (Goldberg and Spooner, 1983), and reduced glutathione (GSH) (Ellman, 1959) were also assayed in serum.
Effect of combined calcium, magnesium, vitamin C and E supplementation on seminal parameters and serum oxidative stress markers in fructose-induced diabetic Wistar rats
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2022
Iya Eze Bassey, Daniel Ewa Ikpi, Idongesit Kokoabasi Paul Isong, Uwem Okon Akpan, Chibuzor Charles Onyeukwu, Nnenna Princess Nwankwo, Inyene Gordon Udofia
The higher level of Malondialdehyde is an indication of increased lipid peroxidation and the increased oxidative imbalance. This may result in the impairment of the steroidogenic function of the testis and consequently seminal quality impairment (Eid et al.2017). Lipid peroxidation is a significant biological consequence of oxidative cellular damage in diabetes mellitus patients (Butchi Akondi et al.2011). There is evidence that oxidative stress is increased in diabetes mellitus due to overproduction of free radicals such as reactive oxygen species and decreased efficiency of antioxidant defences (Matough et al.2012) through increased production of advanced glycated end-products and mitochondrial damage. Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased oxidative stress which damages sperm nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. By altering sperm membrane integrity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) may impair sperm motility as well as sperm viability and cause DNA damage through sperm membrane lipid peroxidation (Omu et al.2014).
Evaluation of oxidative stress biomarkers and liver and renal functional parameters in patients during treatment a mental health unit to treat alcohol dependence
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Samuel Selbach Dries, Bruna Scherer Seibert, Marcos Frank Bastiani, Rafael Linden, Magda Susana Perassolo
Malondialdehyde was dosed according to the method described by Antunes et al. (2008), with initial alkaline hydrolysis of 200 μL of plasma, using 1.5 M NaOH with 60 °C dry bath incubation for 30 min, in order to release the protein-bound fraction, which was subsequently precipitated by the addition of 15% HClO4. The sample was then be centrifuged at 4 °C for 10 min at a speed of 12,000 g. To 250 μL of the supernatant, 25 μL of the DNPH derivative was added, and incubated at room temperature protected from light for 30 min. The chromatographic run was performed with 50 μL of the prepared sample, in HPLC-DAD in a Shimadzu Class VP high performance liquid chromatography with a Lichrospher Merck RP-18 cc (250 × 4 mm, di 5 μm) column, the mobile phase being constituted of acetic acid 0.2% (w/v): acetonitrile (62:38), with a flow rate of 1 mL/min, and monitored at 310 nm.
The nephroprotective potential of diosgenin against ischemia-reperfusion acute renal damage via suppression of oxidative stress and downregulating inflammatory mediators
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2021
Prachi Mishra, Deepa Mandlik, S Arulmozhi, Kakasaheb Mahadik
Malondialdehyde is an end product of lipid peroxidation and is used as a common marker of oxidative stress [44]. MPO is an enzyme stored in neutrophilic granular cells, primarily released from activated neutrophils, and therefore used as a marker of the inflammation process [45]. In the present study, the rats who underwent I/R injury had a significant elevation in the MDA and MPO concentration when compared with SC rats. At the time of kidney ischemic situation, neutrophilic infiltration occurs at the site of damaged kidney tissue (owing to raised oxidative stress). This method would result in blockage of blood circulation in the kidney tissue, resulting in additional renal tissue damage and altering the glomerular filtration rate [46,47]. Hence, elevated MDA and MPO concentrations reveal the induction of oxidative stress in kidney tissue after I/R injury. Another reason behind the generation of oxidative stress is the reduction of adenosine triphosphate as a result of ischemia causes activation of damaging enzymes like phospholipases and proteases during reperfusion injury [48]. Furthermore, after I/R injury, the hypoxic area that exists along with regular blood circulation can interact and results in the formation of increased ROS [49,50]. Adding to that, ROS enhance vascular responsiveness to vasoconstrictors, thus showing increased vascular resistance [51]. Therefore, DG treatment to I/R rats resulted in significantly decreased MDA and MPO levels in comparison with NC rats.