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Basic Concepts of Acid–Base Physiology
Published in Peter Kam, Ian Power, Michael J. Cousins, Philip J. Siddal, Principles of Physiology for the Anaesthetist, 2020
Peter Kam, Ian Power, Michael J. Cousins, Philip J. Siddal
The bicarbonate buffer system consists of a weak acid, H2CO3 or carbonic acid, and a bicarbonate salt, such as sodium bicarbonate in the ECF and potassium bicarbonate and magnesium bicarbonate in the ICF. H2CO3 is formed by the reaction of CO2 and H2O, catalysed by the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, which is present in large amounts in the renal tubules, red blood cells and lung alveolar cells.
Magnesium and dyslipidemia
Published in Kupetsky A. Erine, Magnesium, 2019
Fernando Guerrero-Romero, Martha Rodríguez-Morán
Results from dietary interventional studies are controversial. Aslanabadi et al.,42 who conducted a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of a mineral water (rich in calcium, magnesium bicarbonate, and sulfate) versus spring water (with a composition similar to that of urban water) on the lipid profile of dyslipidemic adults showed that an intake of mineral water rich in magnesium bicarbonate for 1 month decreased cholesterol and LDL-c levels but not triglycerides or HDL-c levels. In another study, the consumption of spring water rich in magnesium showed no significant effects on serum lipids in postmenopausal women after 84 days of the intake of mineral water.43 In addition, a 6-week study looking at the consumption of filtered and reverse-osmosed deep seawater (containing 395 mg/dL of elemental magnesium) versus magnesium-chloride-fortified water to decrease serum lipids in hypercholesterolemic subjects showed a progressive decrease in total serum cholesterol and LDL-c levels in the group that consumed deep sea water.44 However, deep seawater also is rich in other minerals and trace elements such as sulfate, lithium, selenium, molybdenum, silicon, and zinc. Thus, magnesium content could not be a sole factor behind the hypocholesterolemic effect.44
Acid–base physiology
Published in Peter Kam, Ian Power, Michael J. Cousins, Philip J. Siddal, Principles of Physiology for the Anaesthetist, 2015
Peter Kam, Ian Power, Michael J. Cousins, Philip J. Siddal
The bicarbonate buffer system consists of a weak acid, H2CO3 or carbonic acid, and a bicarbonate salt, such as sodium bicarbonate in ECF and potassium bicarbonate and magnesium bicarbonate in ICF. H2CO3 is formed by the reaction of CO2 and H2O, catalysed by the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, which is present in large amounts in renal tubules, red blood cells and lung alveolar cells.
Salivary evaluation in radioactive I131 treated patients with thyroid carcinoma
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2018
Filipe Ivan Daniel, Luiza Dutra Lima, Liliane Janete Grando, Renata Castro, Elke Annegret K. Cordeiro, Claudia Regina Dos Santos
Although water is the major salivary component, compounding up to 99% of its total volume, inorganic and organic components such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate, phosphates, immunoglobulins, proteins, enzymes, and mucins play an important role in salivary function [22]. This fluid consists of a reserve for calcium and phosphate, which are essential for the enamel remineralization of initial carious lesions [23]. Since both ions were found to be reduced in the saliva of patients with active caries [22–25], the present study evaluated their concentrations before and after I131 therapy in order to estimate caries susceptibility related to thyroid cancer treatment. Average concentrations significantly decreased after treatment, with an increase at M3 (3.08 → 2.17 → 3.14 mg/dL for calcium and 15.21 → 12.27 → 13.37 mg/dL for phosphate). While there was no statistical difference between M2 and M3, the results showed a clear increase in both ions about one week after treatment, suggesting that a transient period of lower calcium and phosphate concentrations exists with a tendency for normalization in almost one week after therapy. It is important to note that other involved factors such as pH and buffer capacity were not measured in the present study, but can influence the dental demineralization/remineralization processes. In addition, since dental caries injuries require a longer time to develop and be detected, it was not possible to identify any new cavity or white spot lesion at M3, and a long term evaluation was not possible since almost all patients did not return to the same service where the radioiodine therapy was performed and we were unable to access them. However, this early calcium/phosphate reduction may contribute to dental erosion initiation and/or progression of preinstalled lesions, which can be unleashed by the lemon used to stimulate salivary I131 elimination. Although no patients related dental sensibility that could be related to dental erosion in the study, it is important that the dental assistant be aware and take precautions for its prevention or treatment during and immediately after iodine treatment.