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Antiviral Nanomaterials as Potential Targets for Malaria Prevention and Treatment
Published in Devarajan Thangadurai, Saher Islam, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Viral and Antiviral Nanomaterials, 2022
Kantrol Kumar Sahu, Sunita Minz, Madhulika Pradhan, Monika Kaurav, Krishna Yadav
The salting-out approach was created to address the drawbacks of both the emulsification-solvent evaporation and nanoprecipitation techniques. The polymer and drug are dissolved in a water-miscible organic solvent, such as acetone, and then emulsified into an aqueous gel with a salting-out agent (magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium acetate, and sucrose) and a colloidal stabilizator (Mendoza-Muñoz et al. 2012).
Translation
Published in Paul Pumpens, Single-Stranded RNA Phages, 2020
Remarkably, the leaky UGA termination played an intrinsic role in the replication cycle of the group III and IV phages by the controlled production of the A1 protein, as described in Chapters 8 and 12. It is noteworthy that the synthesis of the A1 protein in a cell-free protein synthesizing system from E. coli could be regulated by the Mg2+ concentration (Hirashima et al. 1979). Thus, at 6 mM of magnesium acetate, the major product of the synthesis was coat protein, while at 12 mM of magnesium, it was replaced by readthrough protein. This enhanced synthesis was substituted by the addition of 0.25 mM of spermine or 1 mM of spermidine to 6 mM of magnesium. Therefore, magnesium ion or combination of magnesium and polyamines caused leaky UGA termination in vitro.
Biochemical Methods of Studying Hepatotoxicity
Published in Robert G. Meeks, Steadman D. Harrison, Richard J. Bull, Hepatotoxicology, 2020
Prasada Rao S. Kodavanti, Harihara M. Mehendale
Metal ion buffer solution (5 mM magnesium acetate, 2.5 mM zinc sulfate, and 5 mM HEDTA): Dissolve 0.071 g of magnesium acetate (FW 142.4), 0.041 g of zinc sulfate (FW 161.43), and 0.139 g of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediaminetriacetic acid (HEDTA; FW 278.26) in a final volume of 100 ml 2-amino-2-methyl-1, 3-propanediol buffer.
Critical insight into recombinase polymerase amplification technology
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2022
The currently available RPA kits are designed for rapid and sensitive amplification of short targets within the range of 80–500 bp, ideally 100–200 bp. To amplify longer targets, the manufacturer recommends slowing RPA reaction kinetics by lowering the temperature, reducing the concentration of magnesium acetate and oligonucleotides, or delaying the time of mixing within the recommended range. The recommended range of RPA incubation temperature is 37°C to 42°C, but the exo kit is particularly more sensitive to incubation temperature alterations compared to other kits, and it is designed for more rapid amplification. The recommended range of magnesium acetate is 12 –30 mM with an optimal concentration at 14 mM. The recommended range of each primer concentration is between 150 nM and 600 nM, while probe concentration should be between 50 nM and 150 nM. The recommended time of mixing after an RPA reaction initiation can range between 3 and 7 min with an optimal mixing time at 4 min.
Oxidative stress impairs cGMP-dependent protein kinase activation and vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein serine-phosphorylation
Published in Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, 2019
Anees A. Banday, Mustafa F. Lokhandwala
PKG activity was determined by the method described by Fiscus and Murad (20). Briefly, the mesenteric tissue was incubated with 1 µM DETA NONOate or 50 µM cGMP analog 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (8p-CPT-cGMP) for 20 min and treated with lysis buffer (10). The lysates were centrifuged at 8000 × g at 4°C for 30 s, and the supernatant fractions were used for kinase assay. Kinase activity was determined by measuring the amount of 32P transferred from [γ-32P]ATP to histone H2b by adding 7 µl of supernatant fraction of tissue homogenates to 35 µl of reaction mixture containing 15 mM K2PO4, pH 7.0, 7 mM magnesium acetate, 0.5 mg/ml histone H2b, 20 mM NaF, 0.25 mM isobutylmethylxanthine, 30 µM ATP with [γ-32P]ATP and 0.3 µM KT5720 (a highly specific inhibitor of cAMP kinase). The reaction was stopped by transferring 35 µl of the final reaction mixture to Whatman No. 3MM chromatography paper squares. We also used PKG assay kit Cyclex® (Cyclex; Woburn, MA) and the results were comparable to the above-mentioned method.
Assessment of the dose-dependent biochemical and cytotoxicity of zein-coated MgO nanowires in male and female albino rats
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2021
Ghada H. Naguib, Gamal S. Abd El-Aziz, Hisham A. Mously, Sahar M. Bukhary, Mohamed T. Hamed
MgO nanowires were prepared by the direct reaction of magnesium acetate (Mg [CH3COO]2) and urea (CH4N2O) by adopting a microwavable hydrothermal technique [7]. Magnesium acetate was blended with water (6.4 g/75 mL) for 30 min at a controlled condition of 25 °C. Few drops of urea were added into water under continuous stirring conditions (1.2 g/25 mL). Then the mix (100 mL) was sealed in a non-stick autoclave and retained at 180 °C for 15 min. The autoclave was supported with a microwave furnace (1000 W). Upon cooling of the autoclave the products were collected and filtered using distilled water, rinsed with ethanol, and finally dehydrated at 60 °C for 24 h. The obtained product was then calcinated at 600 °C for 1 h.