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Principles of forensic science and crime scene investigation
Published in Jason Payne-James, Richard Jones, Simpson's Forensic Medicine, 2019
Jason Payne-James, Richard Jones
If attempts have been made to clean away blood staining, the scientist can use chemical means to visualise staining that may have been present prior to those efforts. The use of luminol, a highly sensitive chemiluminescent compound, can help the scientist visualise where blood staining had been present before any such cleaning efforts. It should be noted that the carrier for this chemical is primarily water so its use should be one of the final actions at a scene (Figure 21.12).
Semen Analysis
Published in Botros Rizk, Ashok Agarwal, Edmund S. Sabanegh, Male Infertility in Reproductive Medicine, 2019
Meaghanne K. Caraballo, Alyssa M. Giroski, Rakesh Sharma, Ashok Agarwal
Free oxygen radicals such as superoxide anion (O2 ¯), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hypochlorite (OHCl), and hydroxyl radical (OH) are called ROS. Free radicals have a very short half-life and are continuously produced, mainly by white blood cells (WBC) or by granulocytes and abnormal sperm [24]. Excessive amounts of ROS impair sperm quality. ROS levels can be measured with the chemiluminescence method using luminol as a probe. Luminol is extremely sensitive and reacts with a variety of ROS at neutral pH [25]. It can measure extracellular and intracellular ROS. The free radical combines with luminol to produce a light signal that is converted to an electrical signal (photon) by a luminometer.
Why Does Moderate Exercise Enhance, But Intense Training Depress, Immunity ?
Published in Husband Alan J., Behaviour and Immunity, 2019
John A. Smith, Scott J. McKenzie, Richard D. Telford, Maurice J. Weidemann
Sterile Hank’s balanced salt solution containing 5mM D-glucose (HBSS) and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) were prepared by conventional methods. Luminol was prepared as a chemiluminogenic indicator by suspending 10 mg of luminol (5-amino-2,3-dihydro-l,4-phthalazinedione) (Boehringer, Mannheim, FRG) in 5ml of PBS containing 8mM triethylamine. The mixture was sonicated for 1 minute and shaken to give a clear solution. A single batch of opsonized zymosan (used for all experiments) was prepared by incubating 10 mg of Zymosan-A particles (highly glycosylated fragments of yeast cell walls) (Sigma. St Louis, MO:) with 1 ml of fresh human plasma for 30 min at 37°C. The suspension was centrifuged at 400 χ g for 2 minutes and the pellet washed twice in PBS before resuspension at a final concentration of 10 mg/ml. Aliquots (1ml) were stored frozen and used only once after thawing. Counting by haemocytometer revealed that this preparation contained approx. 106 zymosan particles/microlitre.
Bacterial communities in bovine ejaculates and their impact on the semen quality
Published in Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine, 2021
Michal Ďuračka, Ljubica Belić, Katarína Tokárová, Jana Žiarovská, Miroslava Kačániová, Norbert Lukáč, Eva Tvrdá
Extracellular as well as intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured with the chemiluminescence method (Agarwal et al. 2016c). This protocol utilizes luminol as a probe. The blank comprised 100 µL Dulbecco’s Phosphate Buffered Saline (DPBS), while the negative control consisted of 100 µL DPBS and 2.5 µL luminol (5 mM). One hundred microliters of the tested samples were treated with 2.5 µL luminol. One hundred microliters of DPBS, 2.5 µL luminol, and 12.5 µL hydrogen peroxide (30%; 9.8 M; Sigma–Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) were present in the positive control. The chemiluminescence evaluation was performed using a combined spectro-fluoro-luminometer (Glomax Multi+, Promega, USA) on 96-well plates in a 1-min series of 15 cycles (Tvrdá et al. 2019). The results are expressed in terms of relative light units/s/1 × 106 spermatozoa.
Discovery and antitumor evaluation of novel inhibitors of spermine oxidase
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2019
Lidan Sun, Jianlin Yang, Yu Qin, Yanlin Wang, Hongyan Wu, You Zhou, Chunyu Cao
The activity of the purified SMO/APAO was evaluated by chemiluminesence analysis according to our previous work. Briefly, Luminol was prepared as a 100 mM stock solution in DMSO and diluted to 100 µM with H2O, immediately prior to use. Purified SMO/APAO was assayed in a 100 mM glycine buffer, pH 8.0, 50 µL luminol, 20 µg horseradish peroxidase, and the polyamine substrate as indicated. These selected compounds with different concentrations (from 0 to 3 mmol/L) and other regents with the exception of the polyamine substrate were combined and incubated for 2 min at 37 °C, then the tube was transferred to the luminometer, substrate was added, and the resulting chemiluminescence was integrated over 20 s. The integral values are calibrated against standards containing known concentrations of H2O2 and the activities are expressed as pmols H2O2/mg protein/min.
Ultrasound-mediated drug delivery by gas bubbles generated from a chemical reaction
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2018
Sungmun Lee, Leena Al-Kaabi, Aurélie Mawart, Ahsan Khandoker, Habiba Alsafar, Herbert F. Jelinek, Kinda Khalaf, Ji-Ho Park, Yeu-Chun Kim
Luminol (5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione) has been used in forensic science and is an important tool in the investigation of crime scenes [31]. Luminol is a chemiluminescence compound that releases N2 gas when mixed with an oxidising agent such as H2O2 in an alkaline solution in the presence of a catalyst [32]. N2 gas production can be accelerated by a concave surface of porous particles such as Mobil Composition of Matter 41 (MCM-41) and Santa Barbara Amorphous-15 (SBA-15) as it is much easier to nucleate gas on concave surfaces than on either flat or convex surfaces [33]. MCM-41 is a mesoporous material that belongs to the family of silicate and aluminosilicate solids [34]. MCM-41 consists of an arrangement of cylindrical mesopores that have a diameter of 2 nm to 6.5 nm [35] and are ideal to combine with luminol.