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Antihistamines, Decongestants, and Expectorants during Pregnancy
Published in “Bert” Bertis Britt Little, Drugs and Pregnancy, 2022
The frequency of congenital anomalies was not increased among 196 infants whose mothers took cetirizine during the first trimester (Weber-Schoendorfer et al., 2008). In a small series of 39 infants exposed to cetirizine during organogenesis, the frequency of birth defects was not increased (Einarson et al., 1997). Similarly, astemizole exposure during the first trimester was not associated with an increased frequency of congenital anomalies among 114 infants. Loratadine, an FDA category B drug, exposure during the first trimester was not associated with a higher than expected frequency of congenital anomalies (see Table 11.3). These drugs seem safe for use during pregnancy, with greater confidence assigned to those drugs whose studies have the larger denominators (Gilbert et al., 2005).
Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Correlations of Antihistamines
Published in Hartmut Derendorf, Günther Hochhaus, Handbook of Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Correlation, 2019
Eric Snoeck, Achiel Van Peer, Jos Heykants
After oral administration, loratadine is extensively metabolized.72,73 One of the metabolites, descarbethoxy-loratadine (DCL), is four times more potent than loratadine.74 Plasma concentrations of loratadine and DCL declined biphasically with sequential half-lives of approximately 1 h and 8 to 15 h for loratadine, and 2 to 4 h and 17 to 24 h for DCL.73,75
Drug therapy in the cardiac catheterisation laboratory: A guide to commonly used drugs
Published in John Edward Boland, David W. M. Muller, Interventional Cardiology and Cardiac Catheterisation, 2019
John Edward Boland, Fuyue Jiang, Andrew Fenning
Loratadine can be given to patients orally before angiography as a 10 mg tablet to reduce risk of contrast allergy. Lorazepam is given sublingually as a 1 mg tablet. It induces drowsiness and reduces heart rate and blood pressure. Diazepam, a different sedative, is available as 10 mg ampoules and can be given as an injection. Midazolam, also a sedative and similar to diazepam, can be given as a 1 mg intravenous injection prior to angiography. It is relatively short-acting, usually lasting less than 1 hour, and can be continued for up to 4 hours. It causes anterograde amnesia and keeps patients sleepy and contented, a boon to any invasive cardiologist. Side effects are hypotension and hypoventilation, so oxygen saturation should be monitored.
Association of H1-antihistamines with torsade de pointes: a pharmacovigilance study of the food and drug administration adverse event reporting system
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 2021
Zahid Ali, Mohammad Ismail, Fahadullah Khan, Hira Sajid
There also exist mixed reports in the literature regarding the association of loratadine with QTIP and TdP, one study reported the possibility that loratadine when dosed higher than the therapeutic one can cause 40% blockade of potassium channel thus causing QTIP and subsequent TdP [31]. One study reported the association of loratadine with TdP mainly due to drug-interactions (especially with amiodarone) and enzyme inhibitors [29]. In our study loratadine was associated with the highest number of QTIP cases, cardiac reactions, electrolyte abnormalities, drug–drug interactions, and overdose cases among new signals (Table 5). Literature also supports the association of chlorpheniramine with QTIP and TdP [32]. Chlorpheniramine can increase the duration of action potential and induce QT prolongation by blocking the hERG channel as evident from studies [33,34]. One study concluded that chlorpheniramine can induce cardiac toxicity when used in higher doses [10].
Evaluation about wettability, water absorption or swelling of excipients through various methods and the correlation between these parameters and tablet disintegration
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2018
Baixue Yang, Chen Wei, Yang Yang, Qifang Wang, Sanming Li
In this work, these parameters were systematically measured by WCR, SDT and modified WAS test. MCC, a purified and partially depolymerized cellulose, is always considered as filler or binder [24] with direct compression method. When the above methods were employed, MCC with the high interparticle porosity was chosen as the reference substrate owing to its good capillary action [25]. Loratadine is an antihistaminic drug and belongs to the Class II of the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) on account of its low solubility and high permeability [26]. When the oral tablets were taken by patients, this drug in salt form existed in acid medium, which increased its solubility in the stomach [27]. In the present work, it was selected as the model drug. In the end, the disintegration of tablets with or without loratadine was carried out in water, which would contribute to verify the correlation between these parameters and tablet disintegration.
Co-amorphous systems for the delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs: recent advances and an update
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2020
Jiawei Han, Yuanfeng Wei, Yan Lu, Runze Wang, Jianjun Zhang, Yuan Gao, Shuai Qian
Loratadine, a BCS II compound, is a long-acting antihistamine drug for the treatment of allergic diseases. Because of its limited water-solubility and extremely low dissolution rate, its bioavailability is poor and erratic after oral administration [59,60]. Wang et al. prepared loratadine-citric acid CAM (1:1) by solvent evaporation technique and found that the solubility as well as dissolution of loratadine from CAM was significantly greater than those of crystalline and amorphous loratadine alone. In addition, it also exhibited excellent physical stability under long-term stability test [61]. In addition, the prepared CAM exhibited 2.45-fold increase in the oral bioavailability of loratadine compared to crystalline loratadine.