China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Influence of Light on Essential Oil Constituents
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Marie-Christine Cudlik, Gerhard Buchbauer
Linalyl acetate is an acyclic monoterpene very commonly used in floral scents and poses one of the main constituents of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Lamiaceae) EO. Khayyat (2018) extracted linalyl acetate from lavender EO and exposed it to 30% hydrogen peroxide and irradiation from a sodium lamp in a nitrogen atmosphere at 0°C in ethanolic medium. The main reaction products were 6,7-epoxy-3,7-dimethyl-1-octene-3-yl acetate (compound 1 in Figure 28.12) and 1,2-epoxy-3,7-dimethyl-6-octene-3-yl acetate (compound 2 in Figure 28.12), which are basically two different epoxides of linalyl acetate, depending on which double bond has been attacked by hydrogen peroxide. The reaction with m-chloroperbenzoic acid instead of hydrogen peroxide yielded only compound 1. When TPP was used as a photosensitizer, a mixture of 7-hydroperoxy-3,7-dimethylocta-1,5-diene-3-yl acetate (compound 3 in Figure 28.12) and 6-hydroperoxy-3,7-dimethylocta-1,7-diene-3-yl acetate (compound 4 in Figure 28.12) was produced, whereas hematoporphyrin (HP) as a sensitizer only gave compound 3 as a product. The reaction pathways proposed by the author are depicted in Figure 28.12 (Khayyat, 2018).
Toxicity assessment of Lavandula officinalis extracts in Brine Shrimp (Artemia salina)
Published in Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2019
Welligton Luciano Braguini, Bruno Bianchin Alves, Natália Valendolf Pires
The LC50 values demonstrated that aqueous lavender extracts had low toxicity on A. salina, whereas the aqueous ethanolic extracts were toxic. This prescreening model (A salina brine shrimps) is one of the most frequently used models for toxicity testing (Libralato et al. 2016). The LC50 of the aqueous ethanolic leaf extract (24 h) against A. salina metanauplii was 6.3-fold lower than that of the aqueous extract. Similarly, the LC50 of the aqueous ethanolic flower extract (24 h) was 5.7-fold lower than that of the aqueous extract. In addition, the EC50 (50% inhibition of A. salina cyst hatching) of the aqueous ethanolic leaf extract (36 h) was 2.7-fold lower than that of the aqueous extract and that of the aqueous ethanolic flower extract was 1.5-fold lower than that of the aqueous extract. These results demonstrated that the aqueous ethanolic extracts of L. officinalis flowers and leaves exhibited medium and high toxicity in A. salina, respectively. These findings are in accordance with the results of previous studies showing that linalyl acetate, the major constituent of lavender oil and one of the secondary metabolites and bioactive compounds, is toxic to human skin cells in vitro. In this study, tannic acid was used as a positive control in the hatching success and LC50 experiments. The extracts used in this study contained high tannin content; thus, tannic acid, hydrolyzable tannin, was used. We observed that tannic acid was highly toxic to A. salina, suggesting that the toxic effects of the extracts might be attributed to their tannin content.
Oral gel loaded with penciclovir–lavender oil nanoemulsion to enhance bioavailability and alleviate pain associated with herpes labialis
Published in Drug Delivery, 2021
Khaled M. Hosny, Amal M. Sindi, Hala M. Alkhalidi, Mallesh Kurakula, Nabil K. Alruwaili, Nabil A. Alhakamy, Walaa A. Abualsunun, Rana B. Bakhaidar, Rahaf H. Bahmdan, Waleed Y. Rizg, Sarah A. Ali, Wesam H. Abdulaal, Majed S. Nassar, Mohammed S. Alsuabeyl, Adel F. Alghaith, Sultan Alshehri
Noteworthy, the chemical constituents of lavender vary depending on its variety (Białoń et al., 2019) and primarily include linalool, linalyl acetate, lavandulol acetate, and β-caryophyllene oxide (Dong et al., 2020). Compounds, such as α-terpineol, 4-terpinenol, and linalool, have shown specific antiviral activity (Król et al., 2013), while the local anesthetic activity of linalool and linalyl acetate from LO has been established (Koulivand et al., 2013). Additionally, 4-terpinenol, thymol, and carvacrol are known to exert anti-inflammatory actions, providing additional benefits against herpes labialis (Król et al., 2013).
Biological effects of bergamot and its potential therapeutic use as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer agent
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2023
Sabrina Adorisio, Isabella Muscari, Alessandra Fierabracci, Trinh Thi Thuy, Maria Cristina Marchetti, Emira Ayroldi, Domenico Vittorio Delfino
Linalool and linalyl acetate impart the olfactory notes of the oil or extract, and their content is considered an index of product quality (Statti et al. 2004; Perna et al. 2019). The use of gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry has indicated that the distinct smells associated with different mixtures of Citrus fruits in black tea and their diverse flavors are due to the presence of compounds such as alkenes that vary according to the species of Citrus, and determine its aromatic characteristics (Wang et al. 2020).