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Immunologically mediated skin disorders
Published in Rashmi Sarkar, Anupam Das, Sumit Sethi, Concise Dermatology, 2021
Elimination of the suspected etiological agent or precipitating factor is important. Antihistamines with selective H1 receptor blocking activity are the first-line treatment of urticaria. Low-sedating antihistamines, e.g., cetirizine (10 mg/day), levocetirizine (5 mg/day), loratadine (10 mg/day), fexofenadine (180 mg/day), etc., are used to reduce urticarial activity with minimal side effects. H2 antihistamines, such as ranitidine, can be combined with an H1 blocker for a more effective response.
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Published in Caroline Ashley, Aileen Dunleavy, John Cunningham, The Renal Drug Handbook, 2018
Caroline Ashley, Aileen Dunleavy, John Cunningham
The extent of metabolism of levocetirizine in humans is less than 14% of the dose. Metabolic pathways include aromatic oxidation, N- and O- dealkylation and taurine conjugation. Dealkylation pathways are primarily mediated by CYP 3A4 while aromatic oxidation involved multiple and/or unidentified CYP isoforms.
Human Rhinovirus Infections
Published in Sunit K. Singh, Human Respiratory Viral Infections, 2014
HRV infection increases the expression of cell adhesion molecules such as fibronectin and carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules.222 Levocetirizine is a drug that interferes with NF-KB activation. In a study of HRV-16 infection in human nasal epithelial cells, S. aureus and H. influenzae have significantly reduced adhesion levels in the levocetirizine-treated epithelial cells compared with untreated control cells.
Development of a Novel IgG1 Anaphylaxis Mouse Model with Uniquely Characteristic Skin Manifestations Induced Through the FcγRIII-Histamine Pathway
Published in Immunological Investigations, 2023
Masato Terashi, Kouya Yamaki, Yutaka Koyama
We then analyzed whether chemical mediators were responsible for this G-ASDIS and IgG1 anaphylaxis. Treatment with levocetirizine, a histamine H1 receptor antagonist, strongly suppressed G-ASDIS and completely ameliorated the hypothermia caused by the IgG1 anaphylaxis (Figure 2a). Nevertheless, there was no significant difference in the number of “bouts” of scratching in the levocetirizine-treated group compared with the IgG1-IC group alone (Figure 2a). Figure 2b, shows that no significant difference in G-ASDIS, hypothermia, or “bouts” of scratching was noted between the PAF receptor antagonist Apafant-treated group and the control IgG1-IC group. Administration of each of the antagonists alone did not affect the body temperature within 30 min (data not shown). Moreover, the treatment group with SB290157, a C3a receptor antagonist, did not significantly differ from the control group in all indices of G-ASDIS, hypothermia, and “bouts” of scratching (Figure 2c). In the SB290157-treated group, “bouts” of scratching was suppressed; however, we noticed a decrease in spontaneous activity immediately after SB290157 administration. These results indicate that IgG1 anaphylaxis and G-ASDIS in our mouse model were strongly histamine-dependent responses that required little PAF or C3a.
Performance of capecitabine in novel combination therapies in colorectal cancer
Published in Journal of Chemotherapy, 2021
Fahima Danesh Pouya, Yousef Rasmi, Irem Yalim Camci, Yusuf Tutar, Mohadeseh Nemati
Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines that play an important role in coordinating cell migration and cell interactions; therefore, they have a significant impact on tumor growth.112 One reason for anti-angiogenic resistance is cytokines including interleukin 8 (IL-8). The drug combination of levocetirizine with CAP and bevacizumab were investigated in refractory colorectal cancer patients to determine the cause of drug resistance to anti-angiogenic treatment. Levocetirizine from the anti-histamines group has anti-inflammatory and IL-8 suppression properties. In Phase II clinical trial, IL-8 expression level shows no association with progression-free survival. Patients with stable disease have lower levels of IL-8 than patients with advanced disease. Thus, in colorectal cancer is observed an increased expression of IL-8, which may be one of the diagnostic factors for this disease (Table 3).113
The clinical evidence of second-generation H1-antihistamines in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria in children over 2 years with a special focus on rupatadine
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2021
Antonio Nieto, María Nieto, Ángel Mazón
There are very few published researches on children with persistent AR diagnosed according to the new ARIA classification and treated with sgAH. Most of the trials conducted previously with sgAH in children were based in the old classification of AR, either seasonal or perennial AR [27–31,62–68]. A study on levocetirizine was reported by Marcucci et al. in children with persistent AR, but it mainly evaluated the anti-inflammatory efficacy of the drug [62]. Therefore, a study conducted by Potter et al. was the first clinical evidence of the efficacy for a sgAH in children with persistent AR [33].