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The Role of Botanicals in Cardiovascular Health
Published in Stephen T. Sinatra, Mark C. Houston, Nutritional and Integrative Strategies in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2022
Papyrus writings from Egypt describe the ancient use of the dried ripe fruit and seeds of khella dried ripe fruit for alleviating renal colic, angina, abdominal pain, and bronchial asthma. These effects are due primarily to the constituents visnadin, visnagin, and khellin. Visnagin acts as a calcium channel blocker, inhibiting vascular smooth muscle contraction, dilating coronary vessels, and increasing coronary circulation (Bhagavathula et al. 2015). Khellin facilitates the passage of kidney stones, relieving renal colic (Khalil et al. 2020), while the asthma drug cromolyn is a synthetic derivative of khellin (Mali and Dhake 2011). While this plant has a long history of use and modern preclinical evidence supports many of its historical uses, there are no clinical trials evaluating its efficacy in cardiovascular disease.
Apiaceae Plants Growing in the East
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Ethnopharmacology of Wild Plants, 2021
Sherweit El-Ahmady, Nehal Ibrahim, Nermeen Farag, Sara Gabr
The antioxidant activity of A. visnaga and its association to the flavonoid content was investigated in a study conducted on the aerial parts of the plant where results showed an equivalent antioxidant activity (IC50 of 8.77 ± 0.2 µg/mL) compared to the standard antioxidant rutin (IC50 of 3.01 ± 0.2 µg/mL) (Bencheraiet et al. 2011). Regarding the plant’s cytotoxic activity, three studies investigated the effect of khellin and visnagin against different cell lines. In one study, khellin showed mild to moderate activity when tested against the hepatocarcinoma cell line (HepG2). In another study, the ethanolic extract of A. visnaga produced inhibitory effects on both Hela (cervical cancer) and MCF7 cell lines. In a recent comparative study on the effect of each of khellin and visnagin against four human cell lines, Hela, Hep-G2, HCT 116, and MCF7, the results revealed good cytotoxic activity of both compounds against the Hep-G2 cell line (Abdel-Monem et al. 2014, Beltagy et al. 2015, Pakfetrat et al. 2015).
Heterocyclic Drugs from Plants
Published in Rohit Dutt, Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Vandana Garg, Promising Drug Molecules of Natural Origin, 2020
Debasish Bandyopadhyay, Valeria Garcia, Felipe Gonzalez
Amiodarone (Figure 8.17), also calledNexterone, is an antiarrhythmic medication for arrhythmias, mainly for atrial fibrillation (Amiodarone: Guidelines for Use and Monitoring, 2003). It was extracted from Ammi visnaga (or khella), a flowering plant belongs to the carrot family having the active ingredient khellin (Bhagavathula, 2015). Ammi visnaga is an ancient Egyptian medicinal plant and the tea made from it was being used traditionally to treat several ailments, e.g., asthma, angina, and kidney stone (Bhagavathula, 2015). Khellin (C14H12O5) itself is a vasodilator that also has bronchodilatory activity. Amiodarone regularizes the heart’s electrical impulses (Amiodarone: Guidelines for Use and Monitoring, 2003). Many investigations were reported to validate amiodarone in several arrhythmias. The experiments concluded amiodarone as a safe and efficacious antiar-rhythmic drug (Auer et al., 2002). In comparison to other antiarrhythmic drugs, amiodarone has higher level of tolerance, reduced noncardiac toxicity, and consequently fewer side effects.
Development of piperine nanoemulsions: an alternative topical application for hypopigmentation
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2022
Burcu Ozkan, Ebru Altuntas, Rabia Cakir Koc, Yasemin Budama-Kilinc
Psoralens from Psoralea corylifolia L. in PUVA (psoralen and UVA) and khellin from Ammi visnaga L. in KUVA (khellin and UVA) are also used as traditional herbal treatments for vitiligo [11]. However, since the aforementioned herbal treatments with UVA are associated with skin cancer, treatment with phytoconstituents that do not require activation by UV radiation would be more advantageous. Therefore, it is a rational way to obtain new treatment agents for vitiligo by systematically screening other traditionally used herbs [12].