China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Monographs of Topical Drugs that Have Caused Contact Allergy/Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Kanamycin is an aminoglycoside bactericidal antibiotic isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces kanamyceticus. It is a complex comprising three components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C. Kanamycin is indicated for treatment of infections where one or more of the following are the known or suspected pathogens: E. coli, Proteus species (both indole-positive and indole-negative), E. aerogenes, K. pneumoniae, S. marcescens, and Acinetobacter species. In pharmaceutical products, kanamycin is most commonly employed as kanamycin sulfate (CAS number 25389-94-0, EC number 246-933-9, molecular formula C18H38N4O15S) (1).
Anti-Infective Agents
Published in Radhwan Nidal Al-Zidan, Drugs in Pregnancy, 2020
Risk Summary: Human pregnancy experience suggests Eighth cranial nerve damage following in utero exposure to kanamycin. It should only be used parenterally in serious infections caused by difficult gram-negative pathogens, and when first-choice antibiotics fail.
Periodontal Diseases
Published in Lars Granath, William D. McHugh, Systematized Prevention of Oral Disease: Theory and Practice, 2019
William D. McHugh, Lars Matsson, Sigmund S. Socransky
Kanamycin, another broad-spectrum antibiotic, has also been tried as a plaque-control agent. Its local short-term use in mentally retarded subjects reduced plaque scores by over 50% and the effect could be maintained by repeated treatment for 5 consecutive days every fifth week.90,91 However, 12 weeks after the last treatment all subjects had returned to pretreatment scores for plaque and gingivitis.91
Trans-cinnamaldehyde loaded chitosan based nanocapsules display antibacterial and antibiofilm effects against cavity-causing Streptococcus mutans
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2023
Ran Mu, Hanyi Zhang, Zhiyuan Zhang, Xinyue Li, Jiaxuan Ji, Xinyue Wang, Yu Gu, Xiaofei Qin
S. mutans (UA159) was grown in Brain Heart Infusion Broth (BHI) at 37°C. S. mutans (1 × 108 CFU/mL) cultured overnight to mid-log phase strain was added to a 96-well plate. To explore the effect of different components of CA@CS NC on bacterial growth, the final concentrations of groups corresponded to those of the CA@CS NC group. The concentration of CA and CS in the CA@CS NC group was 1 mM (132 μg/mL) and 100 μg/mL, respectively. Thus, CA was 1 mM in the CA group and CA@ NE group, and CS was 100 μg/mL in the CS group and CS NC group. The NE did not contain CS and CA. To verify the effect of other potential components on bacteria, the dilution method of NE group was referred to CA@CS NC group, so that the concentration of components with potential antibacterial effects such as lecithin, Miglyol 812N, et al corresponded to CA@CS NC. In addition, kanamycin (KANA) was used as a positive control. The optical density at 600 nm (OD600) was measured every 2 h throughout the incubation using a Multiskan SkyHigh (Thermo Scientific, USA). Every treatment was performed in duplicate in at least three different experiments.
Presence of potent inhibitors of bacterial biofilm associated proteins is the key to Citrus limon’s antibiofilm activity against pathogenic Escherichia coli
Published in Biofouling, 2023
Songeeta Singha, Rajendran Thomas, Abinash Kumar, Devarshi Bharadwaj, Jai N. Vishwakarma, Vivek Kumar Gupta
The biofilm producing strain (EM087) was exposed to 8 different concentrations of C. limon extract, ranging from 100 µgml−1 to 20 mgml−1 to estimate the effective dose as a biofilm inhibitor. Kanamycin was used as a reference antibiotic for comparing the efficacy with that of the crude extract. Although the extracts were soluble above 20 mgml−1 concentration, treatment with concentration above 20 mgml−1 hindered the experiment owing to the deposition of a film of sediments that could not be removed by washing steps. Kanamycin at 20 mgml−1 concentration resulted in 60.20% inhibition whereas C. limon showed 53.96%inhibition at 20 mgml−1 (Figure 2ii). It was also observed that even at a 100 µgml−1 concentration; C. limon extract could inhibit biofilm formation at 27.52% level in E. coli. Microscopic analysis, performed to visualize the antibiofilm action of C. limon extract on the biofilm formation on glass slides, has indicated a dose dependent reduction in biofilm formation. It was observed that the extract at 5 mgml−1 could exhibit partial inhibition of biofilm formation whereas at 20 mgml−1 concentration, the extract could completely inhibit the biofilm formation on the glass slides (Figure 2i a–f). The images of untreated slides portrayed a well-developed thick and continuous lawn of biofilm. The use of positive control (kanamycin) has resulted incomplete inhibition of biofilm at 5 mgml−1.
Phenolic extract of Eugenia uniflora L. and furanone reduce biofilm formation by Serratia liquefaciens and increase its susceptibility to antimicrobials
Published in Biofouling, 2020
Adeline Conceição Rodrigues, Felipe Alves de Almeida, Cleriane André, Maria Cristina Dantas Vanetti, Uelinton Manoel Pinto, Neuza Mariko Aymoto Hassimotto, Érica Nascif Rufino Vieira, Nélio José de Andrade
The synergistic effect of furanone C30 with extract of pitanga or kanamycin may be related to the disruption of the quorum sensing mechanism of S. liquefaciens L53. P. aeruginosa PAO1 treated with furanone C30 was also more sensitive to tobramycin (Hentzer et al. 2003), and the absence of the quorum sensing mechanism increased sensitivity to this antibiotic (Bjarnsholt et al. 2005). In addition, the combination of furanone C30 with kanamycin or ampicillin resulted in different responses against S. liquefaciens L53, which may be due to the mechanism of action of each antibiotic. Kanamycin is an antibiotic of the β-lactam class that inhibits protein synthesis and ampicillin is an antibiotic of the aminoglycoside class that inhibits cell wall synthesis (Kohanski et al. 2010).