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Biogenic Synthesis of Nanoparticulate Materials for Antiviral Applications
Published in Devarajan Thangadurai, Saher Islam, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Viral and Antiviral Nanomaterials, 2022
Kah Hon Leong, Jit Jang Ng, Lan Ching Sim, Pichiah Saravanan, Chaomeng Dai, Bo Tan
Many studies have proved the ability to use the microemulsions technique to produce nanoparticles as an antiviral agent. Shishu and Kamalpreet (2009) reported using a water-oil microemulsion technique containing acyclovir as a hydrophilic antiviral agent formed from Tween 20, Span 20. This acted as a surfactant, together with isopropyl myristate. The medium-chain triglycerides acted as oil while mixing with water/dimethylsulfoxide. The formulated nanoparticles show that optimized microemulsions can suppress mice skin lesions triggered by herpes simplex virus I infection (Shishu and Kamalpreet 2009). In addition, the report found that using olive leaves extract as an antiviral agent was able to tackle the herpes simplex virus by capturing it within oil-water based microemulsions. This was possible due to the ability of olive leaves’ extract to hinder viral attachment to the host cell receptors (Khattab et al. 2016).
Emollient Esters and Oils
Published in Randy Schueller, Perry Romanowski, Conditioning Agents for Hair and Skin, 2020
John Carson, Kevin F. Gallagher
Hydrolytic stability is a major consideration for all esters. Possibly one of the reasons for the popularity of the isopropyl alcohol esters of fatty acids in preference to similar esters that can be made from a low-molecular-weight acid (such as propionic acid) and a fatty alcohol, is their improved hydrolytic stability. It is important to consider that when an ester such as isopropyl myristate does hydrolyze, the resulting products are isopropyl alcohol and myristic acid. However, when an ester such as myristyl propionate hydrolyzes, the resulting components are myristyl alcohol and propionic acid. In this example, isopropyl alcohol would have a much more agreeable odor than propionic acid. Additionally, the propionic acid will lower the product pH possibly to a point where it will be detrimental to the product or consumer.
Conditioning of Hair
Published in Dale H. Johnson, Hair and Hair Care, 2018
Fatty esters such as isopropyl myristate are often used in place of oils to provide emolliency. Their feel is less greasy than that of oils. Esters also function as coupling agents helping to incorporate materials such as sunscreens and silicones into the oil phase of a conditioner.
A transfersomes hydrogel patch for cutaneous delivery of propranolol hydrochloride: formulation, in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo studies
Published in Journal of Liposome Research, 2023
Changzhao Jiang, Rui Ma, Xiumei Jiang, Renhua Fang, Jincui Ye
Isopropyl myristate and menthol are a fatty acid ester and monocyclic monoterpene penetration enhancer, respectively, which promotes cutaneous drug absorption at appropriate proportions. This might be attributed to the fact that isopropyl myristate and menthol promote drug penetration by increasing lipid fluidity and disturbing the lipid structure of the stratum corneum, respectively (Fox et al.2011). Additionally, the edge activator sodium cholate used to synthesise the transfersomes improves vesicle flexibility and promotes lipid dissolution in the stratum corneum. Thus, the stratum corneum swells, resulting in increased drug penetration by creating pore channels (Duangjit et al.2011). However, propylene glycol alters the drug distribution of transfersomes and the phospholipid bilayer, enhancing the sensitivity of transforsome penetration. This characteristic is significantly stronger at low concentrations than at high concentrations of transforsomes.
Effect of binary combinations of solvent systems on permeability profiling of pure agomelatine across rat skin: a comparative study with statistically optimized polymeric nanoparticles
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2020
Mahesh Shinde, Nikhil Bali, Shahadev Rathod, Megha Karemore, Pramod Salve
Agomelatine was a gratis sample from Mehta API Pvt. Ltd. (Mumbai, India). PLGA (Resomer 503H) was supplied as a research sample by Evonik Degussa Pvt. Ltd. (Mumbai, India). Pluronic F-68 and PVA were gifted by Himedia (Mumbai, India). Transcutol HP was supplied as a gift sample by Gattefosse (Saint-Priest, France). Ethanol was purchased from Changshu Hongsheng Fine Chemicals Ltd. (Changshu, China). PG was purchased from SRL (Mumbai, India). Oleic acid was purchased from Loba (Mumbai, India). N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone was acquired from SD Fine (Mumbai, India). Isopropyl myristate was a gift sample from Mohini Organics Pvt. Ltd. (Mumbai, India). Dimethyl formamide was procured from Ranbaxy Fine Chemicals Ltd. (New Delhi, India). All other ingredients used were of analytical reagent grade.
Development of a daphnetin transdermal patch using chemical enhancer strategy: insights of the enhancement effect of Transcutol P and the assessment of pharmacodynamics
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2018
Meiyue Shen, Chao Liu, Xiaocao Wan, Nabil Farah, Liang Fang
DA was prepared in our laboratory (purity >91%). PSA DURO-TAK® 87–2852 was obtained from Henkel AG & Co. (Holthausen, Germany). Release liner ScotchPak® 9744, backing films Cotran™ 9700, Cotran™ 9720, and Cotran™ 9680 were gifts from 3 M Co. (St. Paul, USA). Isopropyl myristate was supplied by China National Medicines Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China); Transcutol® P (TP), Labrasol®, Labrafil® M 1944 CS, Plurol® Oleique CC497, Capryol™ 90, and Maisine CC were supplied by Gattefossé (Lyon, France). Glycerol monocaprylocaprate (ODO) was bought from Zhengzhou River Food Technology Co., Ltd. (Henan, China). Complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Co. LLC. (Missouri, USA). Rheumastop® Plaster was obtained from Samyang biopharmaceuticals Co. Ltd. (Korea). All other chemicals were of the highest reagent grade available.