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The Role of Natural Products in COVID-19
Published in Hanadi Talal Ahmedah, Muhammad Riaz, Sagheer Ahmed, Marius Alexandru Moga, The Covid-19 Pandemic, 2023
Iqra Akhtar, Sumera Javad, Tehreema Iftikhar, Amina Tariq, Hammad Majeed, Asma Ahmad, Muhammad Arfan, M. Zia-Ul-Haq
Both of these above said proteases may be good targets of antiviral drugs. They should be considered as two viable drug targets when working on anti SARS COV medication because these are playing vital roles in viral replication and ultimately dispersal. There are a number of reports about the discovery of antiviral drugs attacking on 3CLpro and PLpro and ultimately killing the virus. Coumarins, chalcones, and flavanones from Angelicae sinensis Radix are reported, in one research work, having a dose dependent inhibitory effect on 3CLpro [56]. It is also reported that 3CLpro of SARS-CoV and SARS COVID-19 differ in just 12 amino acids. Therefore, leading compounds as anti 3CLpro are already present in literature, therefore an antiviral targeting this enzyme may be a possible future for COVID-19 treatment [57]. History of treatment of HCV and HIV has also shown the success of protease inhibitory compounds. There is a lot of literature available on plants like Camellia sinensis, Angelica keiskei, Cullen corylifolium, Isatis tinctoria, whose extracts have potential antiviral activities because they inhibited the activity of viral proteases as described in Figure 11.3 [58].
Herbs in Cancer Therapy
Published in Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Surya Prakash Gautam, Herbal Product Development, 2020
Annum Malik, Shahzadi Sidra Saleem, Kifayat Ullah Shah, Learn-Han Lee, Bey Hing Goh, Tahir Mehmood Khan
Vital role herbal medicines play in cancer treatment is of immunomodulation. Immune system surveillance is evaded by the cancer cells in cancer patients. As a result of this patients innate and cellular immunity becomes attenuated. So, the role played by various herbal medicines and herbal complexes includes not only the stimulation of the innate immunity but also the protection of the bone marrow against the myelosuppressive effects of chemotherapy. Ganoderma lucidum, Scutellaria baicalensia, Sophora flavescent, and Isatis tinctoria are some of the herbal drugs included in this class of herbal drugs possessing such immunomodulation properties (Safarzadeh et al. 2014).
Antipsoriatic Medicinal Plants
Published in José L. Martinez, Amner Muñoz-Acevedo, Mahendra Rai, Ethnobotany, 2019
José Luis Ríos, Guillermo R. Schinella, Isabel Andújar
Amenta et al. (2000) compiled a series of 48 medicinal plants used around the world for treating psoriasis, and 9 used specifically in Sicily (Italy). These same authors indicated the extractive solvent and system for their application (Table 9.1). More recently, Talbott and Duffy (2015) reviewed the efficacy of herbal therapies against psoriasis and they observed the best efficacy in the case of Berberis aquifolium (syn.: Mahonia aquifolium) and indigo naturalis, while it was smaller for aloe (Aloe vera, syn: Aloe barbadensis), neem (Azadirachta indica), and extracts of sweet whey. Indigo naturalis is a blue powder obtained from the leaves of different plants, such as Strobilanthes cusia (syn.: Baphicacanthus cusia), Persicaria tinctoria (syn.: Polygonum tinctorium), Isatis tinctoria (syn.: Isatis indigotica) and Strobilanthes formosanus (McDermott et al. 2016). Herman and Herman (2016) also compiled a series of studies of plants used against psoriasis. All of them are included in Table 9.1. Some plant names have been modified and the present name was introduced.
Research progress on antiviral constituents in traditional Chinese medicines and their mechanisms of action
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Alkaloids, as a class of nitrogenous organic compounds present in organisms, are usually alkaline in nature and have a broad range of activities. Regarding antiviral effects, they are resistant to multiple viruses including SARS-Cov, HCov-229E, EV71, influenza viruses, HIV, HBV, CVB3, etc., which are the main active constituents of high-frequency traditional Chinese medicines. Isatis tinctoria L. (Cruciferae) root (Banlangen) is widely used in TCM for curing diseases caused by bacteria and viruses such as influenza and other infections over thousands of years in China (Zhou and Zhang 2013; Xiao et al. 2016, 2017). Banlangen has been one of the eight major medicines which is recommended by the Chinese government for treating and preventing the deadly severe acute respiratory syndrome (Speranza et al. 2020). It played an important role in the prevention of severe acute respiratory syndrome in 2003 and swine flu pandemic in 2009 in China (Lin et al. 2005; Yang et al. 2012). Alkaloids were considered as one of the characteristic constituents of this drug, which possess diverse bioactivities such as antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antioxidant activities (Zhang, Shi, et al. 2019, Zhang et al. 2020a; Kang et al. 2020).
Plantamajoside alleviates acute sepsis-induced organ dysfunction through inhibiting the TRAF6/NF-κB axis
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2023
Daili Feng, Ruying Guo, Wei Liao, Jiancheng Li, Song Cao
Recent investigations indicate that the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) components with multiple targets, effects and levels give play to a huge effect in curing sepsis (Wen et al. 2021). The protective functions of familiar TCMs, including Radix isatidis from the root of Isatis tinctoria L. (Brassicaceae) (Ruan et al. 2020) and Rheum palmatum L. (Polygonaceae) (Meng et al. 2020), have been certified in sepsis-induced injury by controlling the process of immune, inflammation and apoptosis. An in vivo experiment revealed that Bai-hu-tang (TCM formula) enhanced the survival rate and reduced the accumulation of IL-6 and IL-10 in a sepsis rat model (Lin et al. 2013). Plantamajoside (PMS) is the dominant component of Plantago asiatica L. (Plantaginaceae), which has abundant biological activities such as anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, antitumour, oxidation resistance and damage repair function (Zuo et al. 2021). The protective effect of PMS in H9c2 cells against hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-triggered injury in vivo was reported by Zeng et al. (2022), and the AKT/Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB pathways were joined in regulating the protective function of PMS in H9c2 cells. Additionally, Shang et al. (2019) found that PMS alleviated isoproterenol-triggered cardiac dysfunction, which was linked with AKT/GSK-3β pathway. The aforementioned conclusions hinted that PMS could ease lung, liver and heart damage by regulating significant pathways, but the roles of PMS in sepsis are still unclear, and whether PMS influences organ damage by regulating the correlated pathway is worth exploring.
Recent advances towards natural plants as potential inhibitors of SARS-Cov-2 targets
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2023
Zhouman He, Jia Yuan, Yuanwen Zhang, Runfeng Li, Meilan Mo, Yutao Wang, Huihui Ti
Shufeng Jiedu capsule (SFJDC) is composed of Reynoutria japonica Houtt. (Polygonaceae), Forsythia suspensa, Isatis tinctoria, and other components (Table 2) (Bao et al. 2016). It is one of the Chinese prescriptions summarized in clinical observations and recommended in the early stage for COVID-19 in the 7th edition of the ‘New Coronavirus Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol (Trial)’ (NHC 2020). Xia et al. (2021) identified that three biologically active compounds in SFJDC, including polydatin, quercetin, and wogonin, directly inhibit 3CLpro and virus replication by MD. Subsequently, they found that SFJDC reduces the expression of proinflammatory factors in mice and may exhibit anti-inflammatory effects.