China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Fundamentals of Injectable Filler Procedures
Published in Yates Yen-Yu Chao, Sebastian Cotofana, Anand V Chytra, Nicholas Moellhoff, Zeenit Sheikh, Adapting Dermal Fillers in Clinical Practice, 2022
Yates Yen-Yu Chao, Sebastian Cotofana, Nicholas Moellhoff
With adequate cleansing of the skin, the treatment area should be prepared again with disinfectants. Because the injection of fillers is mostly a procedure of the face and is envisaged as a quick minimally invasive procedure, iodophor or polyvidone-iodine is not a good choice because it discolors patients’ faces and its benefit of broad coverage against fungi, viruses, protozoa, cysts, and spores is not necessary for the usual clean facial skin intended for aesthetic injections. Chlorhexidine is a wide-spectrum bactericidal effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria but less effective against some species of Pseudomonas and Proteus and relatively inactive against mycobacteria and bacterial spores. An amount of 0.5% solution in alcohol (70%) is indicated for pre-procedure skin preparation. An amount of 70% isopropyl alcohol or ethanol is representative disinfectants, but irritation occurs sometimes.
Povidone-Iodine
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
A 68-year-old man developed an erythematous, blistering rash in a linear distribution over the hip, 4 hours after having had a hip replacement. The site of surgery had been covered by an antimicrobial incise drape impregnated with a iodophor. Patch tests were positive to PVP-I 10% water (+++) and to the drape (++) (24). It was not stated (although indirectly suggested) that the iodophor in the drape was povidone-iodine.
Hazards associated with the microbiological contamination of cosmetics, toiletries and non-sterile pharmaceuticals
Published in R. M. Baird, S. F. Bloomfield, Microbial quality assurance in cosmetics, toiletries and non-sterile Pharmaceuticals, 2017
There is considerable evidence that antiseptic solutions used on skin have also been contaminated, but relatively few reports of resulting harm have appeared in the literature (Savin 1967). Although the potential hazard has long been appreciated, clinical infections have been reported in comparatively recent times involving intrinsic contamination of commercial iodophor antiseptic solutions with P. aeruginosa and P. cepacia (Berkelman et al. 1984, Parrot et al. 1982). Pseudomonads isolated as biofilms from pipework used in the manufacture of povidone-iodine antiseptics have been implicated in bacteraemias following the use of such contaminated solutions (Bond et al. 1983, Anderson et al. 1983).
Inositol Hexakisphosphate and Inositol Enhance the Inhibition of Colorectal Cancer Growth and Liver Metastasis by Capecitabine in a Mouse Model
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2021
Chunlei Li, Yifan Ci, Xiaohan Liu, Chen Chen, Cuiping Liu, Xin Li, Qianqian Li, Yang Song
CRC CT-26 cells were cultured and transfected with lentivirus. Puromycin was used to select CT-26 cells with stable expression of the fluorescent proteins. The cells were routinely cultured until logarithmic phase, then digested and resuspended in 0.25% trypsin to prepare a 1 × 106 cells/mL suspension for subsequent use. One week after adaptive feeding, 20 mice were randomly selected for normal feeding. The remaining 100 mice were anesthetized via intraperitoneal injection of 1% pentobarbital sodium (80 mg/kg). The unconscious mice were placed in a supine position to fully expose the abdomen and the limbs were fixed. The incision area was routinely disinfected with iodophor. A 1.5 cm longitudinal incision was made in the lower left abdomen of the mouse to locate the cecum, which was then carefully extracted. The cecum was gently compressed using the handle of forceps to move the feces in the cecum into the distal colon. A 1-mL syringe was used to aspirate 0.2 mL of cell suspension and inject it into the cecal subserosa. The injection point was gently pressed with a cotton ball for 2 min. The cecum was placed back into its original position after confirming the absence of extravasation. If no bleeding was visible, the abdomen was closed by suturing in layers (19).
Topical application of povidone-iodine/dimethylsulfoxide ophthalmic gel preparation in Dutch-Belted rabbits
Published in Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 2019
Jesse S. Pelletier, John Devine, Kara Capriotti, Samuel B. Barone, Joseph A. Capriotti
PVP-I is a safe and effective antiseptic agent widely used in almost every medical specialty for skin preparation prior to invasive procedures. In ophthalmology, recent interest has extended beyond pre-procedural antisepsis and into the use of PVP-I as a treatment for active ocular infections4. These include but are not limited to the treatment of bacterial keratitis, fungal keratitis, viral and bacterial conjunctivitis, endophthalmitis and ophthalmia neonatorum. Understanding the chemistry of PVP-I remains vital to understanding its broad antimicrobial effect. Moreover, it illuminates the potential benefit of a dilute, rather than full strength PVP-I solution. Because of a paradoxical reaction which involves changes in the affinity of the iodophor moiety at low concentrations, dilute solutions deliver more free iodine to the target thus enhancing the bactericidal effect2–4.
Prospective study evaluating post-operative central nervous system infections following cranial surgery
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2019
As mentioned above, the high incidence of PCNSI in our hospital led to the implementation of measures for controlling infection. The most important step was to follow the guidelines recommended by the CDC16 and additional methods were as follows: 1) remove hair on the operative day rather than the day before without using razors; 2) avoid using subcutaneous drainage as much as possible when the cranial flap is replaced; 3) use shampoo containing chlorhexidine 1 day prior to the operation for patients with a high risk of PCNSI (defined as those with a preoperative stay >7 days, those in an immunosuppressive state, and/or those due to undergo a ventriculoperitoneal [VP] shunt implantation; the final decision on using preoperative chlorhexidine shampoo was made by the doctors); 4) use ethanol and iodophor for skin disinfection rather than only iodophor (as in our previous study); and 5) follow a procedural checklist for the prophylaxis of infections prior to VP shunt operations (i.e., using vancomycin as a prophylactic antibiotic, placing a “No Entry” sign outside the operation room, using saline containing gentamicin to soak the tube and valve when exposed to air, and employing two surgical teams to perform cranial and abdominal procedures, respectively, to minimise operation time). Prior to initiation of the present study, the research team used PowerPoint software (Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA, USA) to reproduce the guidelines recommended by the CDC, with additional suggestions; these were printed and distributed to all relevant medical departments.