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Versatile Nature of Poly(Vinylpyrrolidone) in Clinical Medicine
Published in P. Mereena Luke, K. R. Dhanya, Didier Rouxel, Nandakumar Kalarikkal, Sabu Thomas, Advanced Studies in Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 2021
K. R. Dhanya, P. Mereena Luke, Sabu Thomas, Didier Rouxel, Nandakumar Kalarikkal
The world of clinical and experimental medicine is enormous, vibrant, and diverse. The present chapter describes the vast properties of the polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer. Polyvinylpyrrolidone has numerous applications which include medical and nonmedical. The diverse nature of PVP is useful to research in all direction and this review is absolutely benefitted to readers. PVP has incredible opportunities in future research and developments and this particular polymer has extensive properties and uses in other areas such as optical and electrical, fibers, ceramics, and paper, coatings, and inks, household applications, photographic, and lithographic studies. But the pharmaceutical industry and medicine is the most recognizing field for PVP polymers. The chapter reviews the wide sectors and detailed areas of PVP polymer.
Gene Delivery
Published in Danilo D. Lasic, LIPOSOMES in GENE DELIVERY, 2019
In light of the importance of DNA condensation and following the recent burst of cationic lipid synthesis it is surprising how little has been done in polymer chemistry to complex and/or condense DNA. Some nonionic polymers can interact with DNA and perhaps they can find some utilization in localized DNA delivery instead of naked DNA. Indeed, GeneMedicine scientists reported that polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer increases DNA transfection upon intramuscular injection (Tomlinson, 1995). Results are much more reproducible and gene expression shows more uniform and diffuse distribution as opposed to the focal localization of naked DNA. It is possible that complexation via hydrogen bonds may decrease polymer size and improve intracellular delivery in the environments which do not have many DNA digestive enzymes present.
Chemical Modulation of Topical and Transdermal Permeation
Published in Marc B. Brown, Adrian C. Williams, The Art and Science of Dermal Formulation Development, 2019
Marc B. Brown, Adrian C. Williams
N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and 2-pyrrolidone (2-P) are the most widely studied enhancers of this group. NMP is a polar aprotic solvent and is used to extract aromatic moieties from oils, olefins, and animal feeds. It is a clear liquid at room temperature and is miscible with most common solvents, including water and alcohols. Likewise, 2-P is miscible with many solvents, again including water and alcohols, and is a liquid above 25˚C. 2-pyrrolidone is also commonly used industrially and is an intermediate in the manufacture of the widely used pharmaceutical excipient polyvinylpyrrolidone. As with many penetration enhancers, the pyrrolidones tend to show greater enhancement effects with hydrophilic permeants than with lipophilic materials, although this may be attributable to the greater scope for enhancement of inherently poorly permeating hydrophilic drugs.
The preparation, characterization, and application of porous core–shell composite particles produced with laboratory-scale spray dryer
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2023
Zhe Li, Lin Zhu, Fu-Cai Chen, Yong-Mei Guan, Li-Hua Chen, Ji-Wen Zhang, Zhi-Xuan Mao, Liang-Shan Ming, Wei-Feng Zhu
XEXS formulation contains six traditional Aurantll Fructus (Zhi Qiao, batch number: 200913), Atractylodis macrocephalae rhizome (Bai zhu, batch number: 200408), Crataegl Fructus (Shan Zha, batch number: 200902), Oryzae Fructus germinates (Dao ya, batch number: 200526), Hordei Fructus germinates (Mai ya, batch number: 200417), Massa Medicata Fermentata (Liu Shen Qu, batch number: 2009010). All of them were purchased from Jiang Zhong Traditional Chinese Medicine Yinpian Co. Ltd. (Jiangxi, China), and the ratio of different ingredients in XEXS prescription is Zhi Qiao: Bai zhu: Shan Zha: Dao ya: Mai ya: Liu Shen Qu = 3:3:4:13:13:6. Polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (PVP K30, Ashland, OR), Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC E3, Ashland), ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Shanghai, China), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3 Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Shanghai, China), magnesium stearate (MgSt, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Shanghai, China) and Crosslinked Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVPP, BASF SE, Germany) were used as supplied.
Sorafenib tosylate incorporation into mesoporous starch xerogel for in-situ micronization and oral bioavailability enhancement
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2022
Mehrnoosh Behzadnia, Mohsen Salmanpour, Mana Heidari, Maryam Monajati, Fatemeh Farjadian, Mehdi Abedi, Ali Mohammad Tamaddon
Micronization, solid dispersions, and inclusion complexes are often used to improve drug dissolution [5,6]. The micronization method is used to manufacture the marketed SFB product (Nexavar®). Although increasing the particle surface area through micronization enhances the drug dissolution rate, it does not increase saturation solubility; thus, it may not be suitable for solubility enhancement of drugs with high dose numbers; additionally, the micronized particles can agglomerate, causing quality control issues [7]. In-situ micronization is a relatively new technique in which no external energy input is required, such as mechanical, high temperature, or pressure. Instead, hydrophilic polymers are added as stabilizing agents during a gentle agitation process to produce the micronized drug [8]. There are also several techniques for solid dispersion of poorly soluble drugs in hydrophilic solid matrix, such as melt extrusion and spray drying [9]. In this case, drug molecules are dispersed in hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), which can stabilize the amorphous drug formulation and prevent recrystallization [10,11].
Recent advancements in cellulose-based biomaterials for management of infected wounds
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2021
Munira Momin, Varsha Mishra, Sankalp Gharat, Abdelwahab Omri
Synthetic polymers are widely used as a material for wound dressing owing to their ease of manufacture and high availability. Advanced dressings are usually made of polymeric materials, which can provide a suitable wound environment and also serve as a carrier for drug delivery. Synthetic Polymers like poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), poly(lactide-co-glycolide), poly(hydroxyalkyl methacrylates), and poly(vinyl alcohol) are frequently employed in wound dressing [78]. In the case of synthetic polymers, poor biocompatibility and release of acidic degradation product (Dicarboxylic acid monomers) due to hydrolysis can be an issue. Moreover, natural polymers are similar to human ECM and are thus readily recognized and accepted by the body. They have many benefits, including natural abundance, apparent ease of isolation and scope for chemical alteration to suit technical needs [79]. These properties make natural polymers preferable over synthetic polymers.