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Inhalational Durg Abuse
Published in Jacob Loke, Pathophysiology and Treatment of Inhalation Injuries, 2020
Jacob Loke, Richard Rowley, Herbert D. Kleber, Peter Jatlow
The recreational inhalation of gases for their euphoric and intoxicating effects dates back approximately 200 years. The anesthetic gas-nitrous oxide was used by H. Davy for the control of his toothache, and he experienced pain relief and pleasure (Davy, 1800) long before it was available as a gas for surgical anesthesia, The inhalants play a minor role in the epidemiologic survey of inhalation drug abuse, but their potential for causing medical and psychiatric morbidity and mortality (Sharp and Brehm, 1977; Garriott and Petty, 1980) is always there. The inhalants discussed here include anesthetic gas (nitrous oxide), organic solvents (toluene), hydrocarbon mixtures (gasoline), aerosol propellants (trichloromonofluoromethane), and volatile nitrites (amyl nitrite).
Novel psychoactive substances and inhalants
Published in Ilana B. Crome, Richard Williams, Roger Bloor, Xenofon Sgouros, Substance Misuse and Young People, 2019
Inhalants consist of a broad range of volatile substances that can be intentionally taken via the nose or the trachea in order to produce a psychotropic effect. They are usually found in products readily available at home or in workplaces, such as solvents, adhesives, fuels, spray paints, and various others. Glue, polish, toluene, lighter fluid, and gasoline are the most commonly abused among US adolescents (Wu et al., 2004).
Consciousness, Sleep and Hypnosis, Meditation, and Psychoactive Drugs
Published in Mohamed Ahmed Abd El-Hay, Understanding Psychology for Medicine and Nursing, 2019
Inhalants are chemical substances that are inhaled to produce an alteration in consciousness, e.g., paint solvents, spray paint and paint thinner, gasoline, nitrous oxide, and aerosol sprays. Inhalants do not have a common chemical structure, but they generally act as central nervous system depressants. Inhalants are inexpensive and readily available, and are most prevalent among adolescent and young adult males.
Inhalant misuse reported to America’s Poison Centers, 2001–2021
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2023
Raymond L. Hogge, Henry A. Spiller, Sandhya Kistamgari, Marcel J. Casavant, Natalie Rine, Nichole L. Michaels, Motao Zhu, Gary A. Smith
Inhalants describe a broad category of volatile substances that produce chemical vapors that can be inhaled to induce a psychoactive effect [1]. Misuse of these substances is a common form of drug use in the United States (US), especially among teenagers [2,3]. However, the number of past-month users 12 years or older (904,000) in 2020 was less than other substances, such as cannabis (32.8 million) or cocaine (1.8 million). In 2020, 0.9% of individuals 12 years or older used inhalants in the past year, and this percentage was highest among teenagers 12–17 years old (2.7%) [2]. Inhalants can have severe medical consequences, including damaging effects to multiple organ systems, including the nervous, cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal, hepatic, and hematologic systems [3,4]. Inhalant misuse remains one of the least researched forms of drug use despite its prevalence and harm and has been described as a “hidden epidemic” [5].
Multi-organ system failure secondary to difluoroethane toxicity in a patient “huffing” air duster: a case report
Published in Journal of Addictive Diseases, 2022
Benjamin Fogelson, David Qu, Milind Bhagat, Paul R Branca
Inhalants are a broad range of substances that include solvents, aerosols, gases, and nitrites that produce chemical vapors which may be “huffed” for psychoactive or euphoric effects. Of the many household inhalants, refrigerant-based propellant cleaners, incorrectly referred to as “canned air”, are commonly misused. The primary ingredient in most air dusters is 1,1-difluoroethane, a liquified fluorinated hydrocarbon. When inhaled and rapidly absorbed by the lungs, 1,1-difluoroethane depresses the central nervous system (CNS) within seconds and lasts a few minutes.5 Additional symptoms include lethargy, confusion, and loss of coordination. According to Tiscione et al, the CNS effects of 1,1-difluoroethane can be dangerously amplified in patients that abuse other CNS depressing substances such as alcohol.5 Repeated abuse of refrigerant-based propellant cleaners has been shown to cause significant toxic effects on other organ systems beyond the CNS, most notably the cardiovascular system (Table 1). Few published cases have presented an adult patient that survived multi-organ system failure secondary to 1,1-difluoroethane toxicity. We present a case of 1,1-difluoroethane toxicity leading to multi-organ system failure secondary to “huffing” air duster in a middle-aged woman that had complete recovery.
A rare case of intoxication related to concurrent exposure to butane gas and energy drink
Published in Journal of Substance Use, 2021
Nesrin Ceylan, Fatih Mehmet Akif Özdemir, Halil Çelik, Ebru Azapagası, Mutlu Uysal Yazıcı, Deniz Yüksel
Inhalant gas abuse is an important health problem worldwide, especially in adolescents and young adults. The possible risk factors for inhalant abuse include the young age (Evren et al., 2001), family conflicts (Frederich et al., 1997), low socioeconomic status (Corlini-Cotrim & Corlini, 1989), homelessness (Carolini-Catrim, 1995) and some jobs using volatile substances (Carolini-Catrim, 1995). Few reports in literatures indicate the possible reasons for beginning to use inhalants in adolescence (Evren et al., 2001). However, acute and chronic side effects of inhalants are generally unknown and ignored by users (Yaşan & Gürgen, 2004). The case presented here had no additional risk factors except for age and curiosity, leading to the use of inhalant without any knowledge about side effects.