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Nonisotopic Labeling
Published in Lelio G. Colombetti, Principles of Radiopharmacology, 2019
Indium chelates are formed by adding the chelating agent to the acid indium eluate and by adjusting the pH to 7. Indium also has been bound to preformed albumin particles. Indium-Ill has been used to label bleomycin to give an agent reportedly useful in the detection of certain types of tumors.81 Indium oxide conjugates have been used to label leukocytes and platelets to give agents useful for the detection of abscesses and clots.82
Interaction of Amebas with Cells
Published in Roberto R. Kretschmer, Amebiasis: Infection and Disease by Entamoeba histolytica, 2020
A model that has been used to assess the pathogenicity and virulence of cultured E. histolytica in vitro has used tissue culture lines of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells or baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells (reviewed by 3, 46, and 47). Trophozoites added to monolayers of tissue cultured cells cause them to be dislodged from the substrate and eventually to be phagocytosed and killed. The necessary first step in the cytopathogenicity was shown to be adherence of the amebas to the target. Cells resuspended in high molecular weight dextran demonstrate cell interactions only between those cells that were already adherent before the dextran.48 Suspensions of CHO cells and amebas in 10% dextran (MW 500,000) did not give rise to lysis of the fibroblasts unless the amebas were first sedimented together with the target cells and incubated for 1 h at 4°C before the addition of the dextran. In this case, an increase in the temperature resulted in killing of 36% of the CHO cells after 90 min, as measured by exclusion of trypan blue. In other experiments, up to 80% of the radiolabel was released from 11 indium oxide labeled target cells after incubation with amebas.3 The killing process was followed by cinematography of trophozoites interacting, at 37°C, with CHO cells grown on glass coverslips. The CHO cells in contact with the amebas showed blebbing of the membrane and were released from the glass while fibroblasts not in contact with trophozoites remained viable. Examination under the microscope showed that adherence of CHO cells to amebas at 4°C was in a rosette pattern. Upon warming to 37°C the adhered cells became localized over the uroid region of the trophozoite.47
The early onset and persistent worsening pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in rats by indium oxide nanoparticles
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2020
Sung-Hyun Kim, Soyeon Jeon, Dong-Keun Lee, Seonghan Lee, Jiyoung Jeong, Jong Sung Kim, Wan-Seob Cho
Nano-sized indium compounds such as indium oxide (In2O3) and indium–tin oxide (ITO) have been used in various industrial applications such as flat-panel displays and liquid crystal displays because of its unique physicochemical properties including transparency, electron conductivity, and mechanical resistance (Homma et al. 2005; Hamaguchi et al. 2008; Omae et al. 2011; Choi et al. 2012). Workplace inhalation exposures of indium compounds have been reported to produce ‘indium lung disease’, which is characterized by PAP and pulmonary fibrosis (Cummings et al. 2010, 2012; Choi et al. 2013). Recent toxicity studies reported that nano-sized indium compounds produced more severe ‘indium lung disease’ because of its higher deposition and prolonged retention in the alveoli (Bomhard 2017, 2018; Huaux et al. 2018). Furthermore, the increased industrial use and applications of nano-sized indium compounds have raised higher concerns in human inhalation exposures (Tanaka et al. 2010).
Aggravation of atherosclerosis by pulmonary exposure to indium oxide nanoparticles
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2020
Dong-Keun Lee, Hyung Seok Jang, Hyunji Chung, Soyeon Jeon, Jiyoung Jeong, Jae-Hoon Choi, Wan-Seob Cho
Indium oxide (In2O3) and indium-metal hybrids (e.g. indium-tin oxide) have been used for various applications, such as the manufacture of semiconductors (Lee et al. 2011), sensors (Bhardwaj et al. 2015), batteries (Osiak et al. 2013), and liquid crystal displays (Silveira et al. 2015). The annual worldwide refinery production of indium metal was estimated at 720 tons, with China and the Republic of Korea solely responsible for approximately 73% of the total production in 2017 (Ober 2018). Large-scale applications and a high production volume of indium compounds increase the chances of human inhalation exposure, especially in occupational settings. Previous toxicity studies have suggested that pulmonary exposure to indium compounds causes progressive lung injuries, including pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP), granulomatous inflammation, and fibrosis (Bomhard 2018; Jeong et al. 2016; Lison et al. 2009). However, there is little information about the toxicity of nanosized In2O3 particles on extrapulmonary organs.