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Fenugreek
Published in Dilip Ghosh, Prasad Thakurdesai, Fenugreek, 2022
Ujjwala Kandekar, Sunil Ramdasi, Prasad Thakurdesai
The fenugreek gum demonstrated better controlled release characteristics as compared to hypromellose as a controlled release agent for formulation of propranolol hydrochloride matrix tablets (Nokhodchi et al. 2008). The matrix tablets incorporating the drug with fenugreek mucilage in the ratio of 1:1, 1:1.25, 1:1.5, and 1:2 were prepared and compared to tablets with hypromellose as an alternative polymer. Because of fenugreek mucilage’s compactness, enhanced, better friability characteristics and crushing strength were obtained. The dissolution rate of formulation containing fenugreek mucilage was higher at lower concentration (100 mg). However, beyond 200 mg of fenugreek mucilage addition, the release rate of the drug was slower than hypromellose-containing formulation (Nokhodchi et al. 2008).
Acetylcysteine
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Acetylcysteine is a synthetic N-acetyl derivative of the endogenous amino acid L-cysteine, a precursor of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione. Acetylcysteine is used mainly as a mucolytic drug to reduce the viscosity of mucous secretions, in the management of paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose, and as a protective agent for renal function in contrast medium-induced nephropathy. It has also been shown to have antiviral effects in patients with HIV due to inhibition of viral stimulation by reactive oxygen intermediates. Acetylcysteine is essentially a prodrug that is converted to cysteine in the intestine and absorbed there into the blood stream. In combination with hypromellose eye drops, is commonly used to alleviate the chronic soreness associated with dry eyes (1, 2).
Information on level of drugs into breastmilk
Published in Wendy Jones, Breastfeeding and Medication, 2013
Absorption of eye drops into breastmilk is unlikely in the majority of conditions: 278 Local anaesthetic drops e.g. lignocaine (lidocaine); Antibacterial eye drops e.g. chloramphenicol, fusidic acid (Fucithalmic); Antiviral eye drops e.g. aciclovir (Zovirax); Corticosteroid eye drops e.g. betamethasone (Betnesol), prednisolone (Predsol); Ocular lubricants e.g. hypromellose, carbomers.
The safety of phthalate-containing medications used during pregnancy
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 2023
Amaan Ali, Jan Stener Jørgensen, Ronald F Lamont
We carried out a search based on ‘the Safety of phthalate-containing medication use during pregnancy’ using the following keywords/MeSH terms on Pubmed/MEDLINE: (safety) OR (preterm birth) OR (mortality) OR (preeclampsia) OR (morbidity) OR (outcome) OR (small for gestational age) OR (prematurity) OR (birth defects) OR (miscarriage) OR (stillbirth) OR (complication) AND (pregnancy) AND (phthalate) OR (diethyl phthalate) OR (dibutyl phthalate) OR (hypromellose phthalate) OR (cellulose acetate phthalate) OR (polyvinyl acetate phthalate). Our database search yielded 765 papers. After application of the following exclusion criteria, the number of relevant papers was reduced to 104: duplicate studies, no exposure to phthalates, review articles, case reports, not in English, no full text available, no patient outcomes provided and non-human studies. The most relevant papers from this search relating to phthalate exposure and pregnancy outcomes were selected.
Exploration of polymethacrylate and Hypromellose for the development of a non-sulfhydryl ACE inhibitor mucoadhesive system using Box-Behnken design: in-vitro and ex-vivo evaluation
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2023
It is clear from Eq. 1 that the presence of polymers affects the drug’s release. As we can see an increase in the concentration of EURLPO increases the drug release rate by 2.87-fold while with EURSPO and HPMCK15M an increase in concentration decreases the release of the drug by 2.94 and 1.14 times. So, for more sustained release EURSPO and HPMCK15M were required. The effect of polymers on mucoadhesive strength was shown in Eq.2 and it is visible that all three polymers were responsible for mucoadhesive properties with different potentials. One unit increase in the concentration of polymer results in the increase of mucoadhesion by 4.48, 2.24, and 21.21 folds by EURLPO, EURSPO, and HPMCK15M respectively. Henceforth purpose of taking Hypromellose has been justified as it provides the desired mucoadhesion to matrix tablets. Here, Y1 represents the drug’s percentage release at pH 6.8 after 5 h, and Y2 represents the mucoadhesive power of P1 tablets. Independent variables A, B, and C simulate the concentration of polymers in terms of coded values.
Development and characterization of ibuprofen co-crystals granules prepared via fluidized bed granulation in a one-step process – a design of experiment approach
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2021
RS-IBU was purchased from Kemprotec Limited (Carnforth, UK). Nicotinamide (NIC) and isonicotinamide (INA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Wicklow, Ireland). HPLC grade acetonitrile was purchased from Fisher Scientific (Loughborough, UK). Ethanol was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC, Avicel® PH102) was a generous gift from FMC Health and Nutrition (Little Island, Ireland). Lactose (Lactohale® 200) was kindly donated by IMCD Ltd. (Dublin, Ireland). Hypromellose (HPMC, Pharmacoat® 606) was kindly donated from Shin-Etsu Chemical Co. Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, Kollidon® 25) was kindly donated by BASF (Cork, Ireland). Water was purified and filtered using an Elix 3 connected to a Synergy UV system (Millipore, Nottingham, UK).