China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Kidney Stones
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Phytate, also known as IP-6 (inositol hexaphosphate), is a powerful agent for preventing calcifications and preventing kidney stones.11 IP-6 has been studied as far back as the 1950s at Harvard where it was shown to reduce the frequency of calcium-based stones. This is a tremendous alternative to using hydrochlorothiazide in patients with hypercalciuria and is clearly without the potential side effects.12
Cardiovascular Drugs during Pregnancy
Published in “Bert” Bertis Britt Little, Drugs and Pregnancy, 2022
Hydrochlorothiazide is a very commonly used thiazide diuretic. Birth defects were not increased in frequency among offspring of more than 200 women who received this diuretic in early pregnancy (Heinonen et al., 1977; Jick et al., 1981). Neonatal thrombocytopenia was observed with hydrochlorothiazide, as with other thiazide diuretics (Rodriguez et al., 1964). The frequency of congenital anomalies was not increased among 54 infants exposed to hydrochlorothiazide in the first trimester, as reported by the Swedish Birth Defects Registry (Kallen, 2019).
The Treatment of Hypertension with Nutrition, Nutritional Supplements, Lifestyle and Pharmacologic Therapies
Published in Stephen T. Sinatra, Mark C. Houston, Nutritional and Integrative Strategies in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2022
Long-acting ACEIs with tissue selectivity are preferred. This would include all of the ACEIs except captopril, enalapril and lisinopril. An ARB with high affinity for the AT 1 receptor and longer effect on both BP and vascular protection is preferred. These would include most of the ARBs except losartan. The DHP CCBs such as amlodipine and nifedipine are preferred over verapamil and diltiazem. Indapamide is diuretic of choice for a third drug, and then chlorthalidone. However, hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) alone or in combination with other agents should be avoided due to its lack of efficacy in reducing CVD and CHD, increase in glucose and risk of type 2 DM, inducing an abnormal lipid profile, increasing homocysteine and causing numerous nutritional deficiencies and other metabolic problems such as hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia and hyponatremia [2–5,11–15].
Validation of population pharmacokinetic models: a comparison of internal and external validation approaches for hydrochlorothiazide
Published in Xenobiotica, 2021
Rania Kousovista, Georgia Karali, Katerina Vlasopoulou, Vangelis Karalis
Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) is a thiazide diuretic and is commonly used to treat hypertension and oedema associated with fluid overload in adults and children (Beermann and Groschinsky-Grind 1979; Salvetti and Ghiadoni 2006; Panneer et al. 2010; Herman and Bashir 2020; Mylan Pharmaceuticals 2020). HCTZ acts by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the renal tubules and increasing the urinary excretion rate of sodium and water, resulting in a decrease in cardiac output and blood volume (Seely and Dirks 1977; Haas 1994). HCTZ is administered orally and the recommended HCTZ dose ranges from 25 mg to 100 mg daily for oedema and 25 to 50 mg daily for hypertension in tablet or capsule form. The efficacy of HCTZ has been studied alone or in combination with an antihypertensive drug that converts enzymes or with angiotensin receptor blockers for the appropriate treatment of hypertension (Zanchetti et al 2006).
Established and recent developments in the pharmacological management of urolithiasis: an overview of the current treatment armamentarium
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2020
Mohamed Abou Chakra, Athanasios E. Dellis, Athanasios G. Papatsoris, Mohamad Moussa
There is a lack of data regarding adverse, long-term side effects of thiazides used for kidney stone prevention. However, the side effect profile of thiazide diuretics has been well studied in the setting of hypertension. Thiazide‐related side effects are more common with longer‐acting compounds, such as chlorthalidone and metolazone. Among the thiazide‐type diuretics, indapamide has the least significant metabolic derangements. Side effects may include hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia and hyperuricemia [54]. A large, prospective, cohort study (12,550 non diabetic adults [45‐ to 64‐ years old] who did not have diabetes concluded that subjects with hypertension who were taking thiazide diuretics were not at greater risk for the subsequent development of diabetes [55]. Adverse effects of thiazide and thiazide‐like diuretics on male sexual function are decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, and difficult ejaculation [56,57]. In addition, hydrochlorothiazide can cause photosensitivity [58]. There is a lack of data on the metabolic effects of thiazides used to prevent recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis. It remains unclear if metabolic effects occur and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in otherwise healthy patients with recurrent nephrolithiasis on thiazide prophylaxis [59]. Thiazide prescription is associated with decreased urinary citrate, this is caused by thiazide‐induced hypokalemia, which would stimulate citrate reabsorption in the proximal tubules [60,61].
Prevalence and characteristics of apparent treatment-resistant hypertension in older people in China: a cross-sectional study
Published in Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, 2019
Cunjin Wu, Yibo Wang, Weili Zhang, Xin Li, Lin Wang, Rutai Hui
The aTRH itself may be a special population at a higher risk of cardiovascular disease and target organ damage, so the treatment of the extreme phenotype of hypertension is emerging as a focus of concern (14). Regarding antihypertensive medications of aTRH patients, expert opinion and some empirical evidence support the use of diuretics of sufficient potency to control the volume expansion that may contribute to drug resistance. In our cross-sectional study, all the aTRH patients were given diuretics (including fixed-dose combinations), hydrochlorothiazide use accounted for 40.2% of the thiazide-type diuretics in aTRH patients. There was evidence to show that hydrochlorothiazide was not as effective as the diuretic chlorthalidone in lowering BP and well tolerated (22). However, hydrochlorothiazide was widely used by aTRH patients in our study because the drug was cheaper with no obvious adverse effects and chlorthalidone hasnot been listed in our country yet.