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Introduction to Cancer, Conventional Therapies, and Bionano-Based Advanced Anticancer Strategies
Published in D. Sakthi Kumar, Aswathy Ravindran Girija, Bionanotechnology in Cancer, 2023
Certain types of cancers depend on hormones to grow and propagate. Thus, hormonal therapy works by altering the amount of certain hormones in the body to fight cancers that are dependent on the chemicals. This method of treatment is used to treat cancers such as cancer of the prostate, breast, and reproductive systems. For instance, all patients who have hormone receptor-positive breast cancer are mandated to have hormonal therapy. In this case, hormone therapy aims to inhibit the interaction between a hormone, such as estrogen, and its dependent pathways that stimulate neoplastic cells. The side effects that arise from hormonal treatment depending on the age and sex of the patient, type of cancer, and the drug type used [115].
Selected topics
Published in Henry J. Woodford, Essential Geriatrics, 2022
Prehabilitation prior to chemotherapy could improve outcomes. In frail older people, lower doses and potentially less toxic agents may be selected. Prior to chemotherapy there is an opportunity for advance care planning. Traditional chemotherapy agents were not targeted specifically at cancerous tissues and could affect any cell. There was a high chance of adverse effects, including fatigue, gastrointestinal disorders and myelosuppression. Depending on the medication, other adverse effects include alopecia, nephrotoxicity, cardiotoxicity and peripheral neuropathy. Hormonal therapy can be used for responsive cancers, such as some breast or prostate tumours.
Therapeutic Options for Prostate Cancer: A Contemporary Update
Published in Surinder K. Batra, Moorthy P. Ponnusamy, Gene Regulation and Therapeutics for Cancer, 2021
Sakthivel Muniyan, Jawed A. Siddiqui, Surinder K. Batra
The RP is the primary type of therapy usually reserved for the men with organ-confined tumor and who are 75 years or younger with at least ten years of predicted survival. RP is a major surgical procedure to remove the whole prostate and seminal vesicles and nearby pelvic lymph nodes. An initial randomized clinical trial demonstrated that RP resulted in significantly higher PFS when compared to radiation therapy (RT) [66]. However, this multicentered cooperative group effort led to various concerns, such as differences in patient recruitment and radiation treatment. Further, the RP has a major drawback of impotence, urinary incontinence, and lymphedema inguinal hernia. Over time, additional and less invasive surgical methods such as nerve-sparing prostatectomy, robotic-assisted laparoscopic RP, and transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) were developed and shown to reduce some of the risk events and side effects [67, 68]. Since the introduction of PSA, the surgery has significantly improved the PFS due to the early detection. Besides these benefits, it is shown that the primary surgical treatment may avoid the adverse effects of radiation and adjuvant hormonal therapy among those patients who live longer.
Successful pregnancies in women with diffuse uterine leiomyomatosis after high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation: report of three cases
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2023
Chunmei Gong, Zhenjiang Lin, Yongbin Deng, Bing Yang, Lian Zhang
Conservative treatments for DUL other than myomectomy include hormonal therapy, uterine artery embolization (UAE), and HIFU treatment [14–19]. Purohit et al. reported a patient with natural pregnancy after GnRHa administration [14]. If leiomyomas protruding into the uterine cavity disappear with GnRHa therapy, successful pregnancy with GnRHa therapy may be anticipated. However, in many cases, hormonal therapy alone has not been successful, and is usually used in conjunction with surgery [2]. Koh et al. reported on a patient who became pregnant after treatment with UAE [18]. However, pregnancy after UAE is controversial when it is desired after treatment [15]. Yen et al. performed hysteroscopic myomectomy in five patients with DUL, and three patients who wished to conceive achieved pregnancy and live births [3]. However, it is mainly suitable for patients with early stage DUL if the submucosal leiomyomas are small and few.
Psychometric properties of the French Hot Flash Related Daily Interference Scale (HFRDIS)
Published in Climacteric, 2023
I. Cavadias, R. Rouzier, M. Milder, C. Bonneau, J. Mullaert, D. Hequet
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women in the world and the first cause of cancer death in developed countries. The predominant form is characterized by positive hormone receptors (HR+, more than 70% of breast cancers). Hormone therapy thus plays a key role in the strategy of management of these cancers. The two types of hormone therapy used are selective estrogen receptor modulators (exclusive tamoxifen in this indication) and aromatase inhibitors. Like any long-term treatment, hormone therapy requires good patient compliance. Unfortunately, adherence to treatment is often suboptimal. In a large study of a cohort of 8769 patients with localized breast cancer requiring hormone therapy, only 49% of patients took hormone therapy for the recommended duration [4]. Younger women were most at risk of non-compliance. The main reasons for this lack of compliance, especially in young women, might be the significant side effects associated with this type of treatment such as hot flashes, asthenia, anxiety and any other symptoms mimicking menopause. Recently, the side effects of hormone therapy, including hot flashes, were reported in a large French prospective cohort of 4262 patients followed for 5 years, emphasizing the significant impact of these on the daily lives of patients [5].
Androgen-deprivation therapy and risk of death from cardio-vascular disease in prostate cancer patients: a nationwide lithuanian population-based cohort study
Published in The Aging Male, 2022
Justinas Jonušas, Mingailė Drevinskaitė, Aušvydas Patašius, Marius Kinčius, Ernestas Janulionis, Giedrė Smailytė
One interesting aspect of our study is that we did not find a higher risk of CVD-related death during the first year after diagnosis in a cohort of males diagnosed with prostate cancer and treated with ADT. We stipulate that this may be related to the fact that ADT treatment is usually prescribed to the advanced, metastatic, or high-risk localized prostate cancer. Furthermore, according to our recent population-based study, most screened males in the Lithuanian population are detected at the early stages of prostate cancer [3]. Most of these men undergo radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, or brachytherapy as a treatment option and are not treated with ADT. According to Milonas et al., most biochemical recurrences occur during the first year after the performed radical prostatectomy [19]. Therefore, hormone therapy is usually prescribed as a treatment modality to these patients. This comes in agreement with our results – it takes time for an advanced PC to be diagnosed, after which ADT is prescribed, and CVD-related death may manifest with risk increasing every year and reaching its peak at the fourth year.