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Nutritional and Dietary Supplementation during Pregnancy
Published in “Bert” Bertis Britt Little, Drugs and Pregnancy, 2022
No information has been published regarding the use of the anticholinergics homatropine (an ophthalmic preparation) or methscopolamine (used for cardiac arrhythmias, functional bowel disease, and ulcer disease) during pregnancy for experimental animals or humans.
Monographs of Topical Drugs that Have Caused Contact Allergy/Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Homatropine is a synthetic tertiary amine alkaloid and an anticholinergic drug that acts as an antagonist at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, blocking parasympathetic nerve stimulation. It is present in antitussives in combination with hydrocodone (dihydrocodeinone) bitartrate indicated for the symptomatic relief of cough. Homatropine is also administered as ophthalmic solution as a cycloplegic to temporarily paralyze accommodation and to induce mydriasis. In most pharmaceutical preparations, homatropine is present as homatropine hydrobromide (CAS number 51-56-9, EC number 200-105-3, molecular formula C16H22BrNO3) (1).
Cholinergic Antagonists
Published in Sahab Uddin, Rashid Mamunur, Advances in Neuropharmacology, 2020
Vishal S. Gulecha, Manoj S. Mahajan, Aman Upaganlawar, Abdulla Sherikar, Chandrashekhar Upasani
Antimuscarinics should be avoided for mydriatic effects unless cycloplegia or prolonged action is required. α-Adrenoceptor agonists like phenylephrine is used for funduscopic examination to produce a short-lasting mydriasis. A second ophthalmologic use is in uveitis and iritis to prevent synechia (adhesion) formation. Homatropine like preparations are valuable and serves better for this purpose (McBrien et al., 2013).
Diagnosis and Management of Post Traumatic Recurrent Unilateral Accommodative Spasm—A Case Report
Published in Journal of Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility, 2022
Praveen Kumar P, Amit Bhowmick, Neha Mahabale, Jameel Rizwana Hussaindeen, Dhanashree Ratra
On preliminary examination, his best corrected distance visual acuity with Snellen distance acuity chart was 6/6 and 6/9 in the right and left eye, respectively. Near visual acuity was documented to be 0.8 M (N6) in the right eye and 2.5 M (N18) in the left eye in a reading range of 33–40 cm. His left eye near visual acuity worsened with added plus lenses. Normal color vision was documented by Ishihara pseudo-isochromatic plates in either eye. Anisocoria was absent, and both the pupils were briskly reacting to light. Ocular motility was full, free, and painless. The intraocular pressure of 12 mm of Hg was documented in either eye with a Goldmann applanation tonometer. Anterior and posterior segment assessment was within normal limits. Cycloplegic refraction was performed using 2% homatropine hydrobromide eye drops to rule out accommodation dysfunctions. The clinical findings are summarized in Table 1. Optical coherence tomography and Humphrey visual field (30–2 SITA fast strategy) findings were normal and did not show macular or optic nerve pathology. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) was performed, the findings showed intact zonules and posterior capsule, with the angle recession from 1–3ʹo clock hours (i.e. one forth circumference of zonules), and rest of the clock hours imaged were normal with no evidence of edema in ciliary muscles in the left eye. The right eye showed normal anterior segment findings.
Ocular Co-infection with Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Toxoplasma Gondii in an Immunocompetent Patient – A Case Report
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2022
Mamta Agarwal, Gazal Patnaik, Vikas Khetan, Alejandra de-la-Torre
Laboratory investigations revealed positive QuantiFERON-TB gold test (QFT), negative syphilis serology, normal angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), and raised serum IgG anti Toxoplasma antibody (80.595 IU/ml; Reference range IgG positive: >11 IU/ml) and negative IgM antibody. High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest showed bilateral hyperinflated lung with interstitial thickening, parenchymal infiltrates, and calcified mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Based on the clinical features and investigations, she was diagnosed to have a presumed tuberculous subretinal abscess in the right eye. The patient was started on topical prednisolone acetate 4/day, homatropine 2/day, and oral Prednisolone 40 mg/day along with ATT under the care of a pulmonologist. At 3 weeks follow-up, slit lamp examination in the right eye revealed increased anterior chamber and vitreous inflammation. The fundus evaluation did not show any clinical improvement.
Atropine in topical formulations for the management of anterior and posterior segment ocular diseases
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2021
Ines García Del Valle, Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
Mydriatic and cycloplegic drugs are typically used as adjunctive therapy to corticosteroids and not all of them are suitable for every case. Intense inflammation makes an adequate cycloplegia more difficult to achieve, so the best options according to their duration and potency depend on the severity of the uveitis [45]. Atropine 1% is a first-choice medication to avoid pain, reestablish the blood-aqueous barrier and prevent an exacerbation of this condition by immobilizing the iris and the ciliary body [43]. It is especially useful in severe cases due to its high potency and long-lasting action [45]. Other options could be homatropine 5% or scopolamine 0.25% but their penetration into the eye structures is less efficient. Cyclopentolate 1% has a mild and short action, which limits its use to some patients [44].