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Monographs of Topical Drugs that Have Caused Contact Allergy/Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Cyclopentolate is a parasympatholytic anticholinergic drug. Administered in the eye, cyclopentolate blocks the acetylcholine receptor in the sphincter muscle of the iris and the ciliary muscle, thereby preventing contraction. This produces mydriasis (excessive dilation of the pupil) and cycloplegia (paralysis of the ciliary muscle of the eye), which facilitates ophthalmic diagnostic procedures. Cyclopentolate acts more quickly than atropine and has a shorter duration of action (1). In pharmaceutical products, cyclopentolate is employed as cyclopentolate hydrochloride (CAS number 5870-29-1, EC number 227-521-8, molecular formula C17H26ClNO3) (1).
Corneal Ulcers and Contact Lens Keratitis
Published in Amy-lee Shirodkar, Gwyn Samuel Williams, Bushra Thajudeen, Practical Emergency Ophthalmology Handbook, 2019
Cycloplegics: Help with pain relief. Debriding the corneal epithelium also helps in better penetration of antibiotics and decreasing the bacterial load, so worry not too much about how much epithelium comes off during scraping.
Ophthalmic drugs
Published in Mary E. Shaw, Agnes Lee, Ophthalmic Nursing, 2018
Disadvantages: Does not cause cycloplegiaCan cause corneal epithelial damageMay cause cardiovascular reactions that may be severe
MFRP variant results in nanophthalmos, retinitis pigmentosa, variability in foveal avascular zone
Published in Ophthalmic Genetics, 2023
Claire Vanden Heuvel, Breanna Aldred, Tyler Boulter, Rachel Sullivan, James Ver Hoeve, Melanie Schmitt
Medical records of two affected siblings and one unaffected sibling were reviewed. All examinations were performed by a single pediatric ophthalmologist (MAS). Ophthalmic examination included best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), IOL master ocular biometry, slit lamp examination, rebound tonometry (iCare), ocular motility assessment, and dilated fundus examination. Cycloplegia was obtained with instillation of cyclopentolate 2.0% eye drops. Refraction was performed 40 minutes afterward by means of retinoscopy. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) was obtained with Zeiss Cirrus systems (Zeiss Meditec, Inc. Dublin, CA). Full field ERG was performed using a RETeval acquisition device (LCK Technologies, Inc. Gaithersburg, MD). Full-field ERGs were recorded per the ISCEV (2015 update) Standard including light-adapted (LA) single and 28 Hz flicker 3.0 cd-s m−2 and dark-adapted (DA) 0.01, 3.0 and 10.0 cd-s m−2 conditions (9). Fundus photographs were obtained with Topcon ImagenetR4 (Topcon Medical Systems, Inc. Oakland, NJ). Genetic analysis for Patient 1 was performed with a 266 gene inherited retinal dystrophy panel. Genetic analysis for Patient 2 was performed via familial variant testing.
Effect of Cycloplegia on Refractive Error Measure in Chinese School Students
Published in Ophthalmic Epidemiology, 2022
Fang Gu, Hans M. Gao, Xin Zheng, Lei Gu, Jianyao Huang, Jia Meng, Juanjuan Li, Lei Gao, Jianyong Wang, Ronghua Zhang, Jianqin Shen, Gui-Shuang Ying, Hongguang Cui
Assessment of the refractive error of the eye under cycloplegia is still considered to be the gold standard when measuring refractive error in children.13 Because of the robust accommodative abilities of pediatric eyes, cycloplegic agents, such as atropine, cyclopentolate, or tropicamide, must be administered to paralyze the accommodative system.14,15 When cycloplegic agents are withheld, clinicians tend to overestimate the prevalence and severity of myopia.15–17 Although cycloplegia results in more accurate measurements of refractive error, cycloplegic agents may be associated with adverse effects, including blurred vision, photophobia, and glare.18 As a result, many children and parents refuse cycloplegia when undergoing refractive error screening and exams, leading to erroneous measurements of refractive error.19–21 Non-cycloplegic refractive error is still commonly used for determining the prevalence, or incidence of myopia, particularly in population-based epidemiological studies of myopia.
Should “Retro-ocular Pain, Photophobia and Visual Acuity Loss” Be Recognised as a Distinct Entity? The ROPPVAL Syndrome
Published in Neuro-Ophthalmology, 2021
Francesco Pellegrini, Erika Mandarà, Daniele Brocca
Photophobia is defined as a painful sensation to light exposure. Recently, a novel population of retinal neurons, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (IPRGCs), have been identified as photophobia transducers in the eye.13 Notably, these IPRGCs project onto trigeminal neurons14 and pain nuclei in the thalamus,15,16 which are also involved in migraine pathogenesis. We believe that “stimuli”, like those involved in migraine, may trigger the trigeminal nerve fibres which collect painful light sensations from the eye when activated by IPRGCs. We believe that the ciliary ganglia located in orbital-fat behind the globe may play a major role in determining this stereotyped syndrome, because of the relief of symptoms when amitriptyline or cyclopentolate drops are administered. We can speculate that activated trigeminal pain-sensing fibres and light-activated fibres may affect parasympathetic neurons and/or vice versa. Cyclopentolate is an anticholinergic drug, thus paralyses the iris sphincter constrictor and ciliary body muscles. Cycloplegia is commonly used in ophthalmology to reduce inflammation and pain due to different ocular conditions such as iritis where the ciliary body over-contraction is the main cause of pain.