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The Initial Metabolic Medicine Hospital Consult
Published in Michael M. Rothkopf, Jennifer C. Johnson, Optimizing Metabolic Status for the Hospitalized Patient, 2023
Michael M. Rothkopf, Jennifer C. Johnson
Dietary protein can also be used as fuel, but to fulfill its role in protein synthesis, it must contain nine essential amino acids: leucine, isoleucine, valine (branched chain), phenylalanine, tryptophan (aromatic), threonine, methionine, leucine and lysine. Histidine becomes essential for adults with kidney failure. Histidine is also essential in healthy children, as is arginine (and perhaps also taurine). Carnitine and cysteine may be essential in chronic liver disease and renal disease.
Macronutrients
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Histidine is the catalytic sites of certain enzymes. Histidine participates in the hemoglobin structure and assists in stabilizing oxyhemoglobin and destabilizing CO-bound hemoglobin. It is a coordinating ligand in metalloproteins and is a precursor for histamine, an amine produced in the body necessary for inflammation and vasodilation.
Single Amino Acids
Published in Luke R. Bucci, Nutrition Applied to Injury Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, 2020
Histidine is a conditionally essential amino acid (dietary intake viewpoint) and carnosine is the dipeptide β-alanyl-l-histidine. As with other amino acids, a dietary deficiency of histidine leads to reduced wound breaking strength and impairment of wound healing in lab animals.290 Repletion of histidine deficiency by either histidine or carnosine supplementation returned wound healing to normal, but supplemental histidine or carnosine to animals with adequate histidine intake did not enhance wound healing at doses of 1 mg/100 g body weight per day (intraperitoneal injections).290 However, higher intraperitoneal doses of carnosine (2 mg/100 g body weight per day) given to rats for longer time periods (up to 25 d postsurgery) were associated with accelerated rates of wound healing, as demonstrated by sooner peaks of glycosaminoglycan synthesis and histological development of granulation tissue in rats.291 Similar results were found after carnosine injections to guinea pigs after experimental lung injury. Acceleration of fibroblast proliferation, connective tissue regeneration, and alveolar reformation was twice that of control groups.292
The effect of desloratadine on ischemia reperfusion induced oxidative and inflammatory renal injury in rats
Published in Renal Failure, 2020
Huseyin Kocaturk, Fevzi Bedir, Mehmet Sefa Altay, Ebubekir Bakan, Bahadir Suleyman, Gulce Naz Yazici, Mukadder Sunar, Zeynep Suleyman, Halis Suleyman
Desloratadine to be examined in this study for its protective effect against kidney I/R injury, is a potent and non-sedative H1 histamine receptor antagonist used in the symptomatic treatment of urticaria and allergic rhinitis [7]. Desloratadine has been reported to antagonize the increase of MDA, the final product of lipid peroxidation, and to reduce endogenous antioxidant glutathione (GSH) in the allergy model [8]. Roumestan et al. showed that there was a desloratadine inhibited NF-κB production whereas [9] Wu et al. argued that desloratadine inhibited both basal and histamine-induced NF-κB [10]. This data suggested that desloratadine can protect kidney tissue from I/R damage. There is no study in the literature examining the protective effect of desloratadine against renal I/R injury. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of desloratadine on kidney I/R injury in albino Wistar male rats using biochemical and histopathological methods.
Cell penetrating peptides: the potent multi-cargo intracellular carriers
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2019
Kimia Kardani, Alireza Milani, Samaneh H. Shabani, Azam Bolhassani
An ideal DDS should specifically penetrate into the target cells, and accumulate in the specific tissue [122]. CPPs are effective tools for drug delivery into cells, but they do not have specificity to cell type [126]. Most CPPs were nonspecifically linked to membranes of all cell types due to overall expression of heparin sulfate proteoglycan [149]. Recent efforts were performed using the activatable CPPs (ACPPs), the stimuli-responsive CPPs, and the specific localization sequences to deliver toward the proper cellular organelles [148]. There are different subcellular localization sequences with distinct properties that target a cytosolic protein to a specific organelle such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplast [230]. Recent use of CPPs was focused on development of NLS, pH/temperature-sensitive targeted delivery, and synergistic effects of targeting ligands and CPPs [97]. In fact, some nanoparticle delivery systems were designed to activate CPPs, and drug release under specific conditions such as hyperthermy (40–42◦C), low pH (< 6), light (UV), and interaction with specific enzymes (matrix metalloproteinases, thrombin, and legumain) in tumor tissue [5]. Among amino acids used in CPPs, histidine is an essential amino acid with a protonable imidazolyl group which is needed for many enzymatic activities. For example, the replacement of tryptophan (W) by histidine (H) in the antimicrobial peptide sequence R2W2RW2R2 increased the antibacterial activity [240].
In Vivo Efficacy of Histatin-1 in a Rabbit Animal Model
Published in Current Eye Research, 2018
Marko Oydanich, Seth P. Epstein, Neha Gadaria-Rathod, John J. Guers, Karen B. Fernandez, Penny A. Asbell
Histatins are a family of histidine-rich peptides found in humans and nonhuman primates that aid in wound-healing in the oral cavity. Previous in vitro studies with histatin suggest that this histidine-rich protein enhances wound healing by stimulating epithelial cell migration and spreading.1–3 In addition, histatins are potent inhibitors of metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and have significant antimicrobial activity.4 Elevated MMP-9 is associated with wound chronicity and indicates a slower healing process. On the ocular surface MMP-9 is known to disrupt epithelial cell tight junctions leading to increased corneal permeability and punctate epithelial staining. Additionally, local microbial infection is also known to delay healing.5 Thus, histatins have the potential to be potent wound-healing agents.