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Plant Source Foods
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides), belonging to the family Elaeagnaceae, has recently gained worldwide attention, mainly for its medicinal and for the nutritional properties of its super fruits and leaves. Sea buckthorn (SBT) is a wild deciduous shrub of cold arid regions from Europe to Central Asia (125–127). It is now domesticated in several parts of the world due to its nutritional and medicinal potential.
Ethnobotany of Useful Plant Species in North Western Himalaya, India
Published in T. Pullaiah, K. V. Krishnamurthy, Bir Bahadur, Ethnobotany of India, 2017
A. Rajasekaran, Joginder Singh, S. P. Subramani, Shalu Devi
Among the wild plants, Astragalus chlorostachys, A. peduncularis, Caragana versicolor, Cicer microphyllum, Hippophae rhamnoides, Medicago falcata, Myricaria albiflora, Populus ciliata, Salix denticulata and S. fruticulosa are used as fodder and fuel purposes. The wood of Juniperus recurva, Populus ciliata and Salix denticulata are used for timber and agricultural implements. Arnebia euchroma, Geranium pratense and Onosma hispidum are used as dye. The incense and perfumes are obtained from Chrysanthemum pyrethroides, Delphinium brunonianum and Waldheimia glabra. Bushes of Hippophae rhamnoides are used for fencing. The green vegetation consisting of Cicer microphyllum, Saussurea jacea, Thalictrum foetidum, Poa annua, Festuca sp, etc. are collected for fodder and stored for winter stall-feeding of livestock (Srivastava, 2010). Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is one of the multipurpose thorny shrub species used by the villagers as food, fuel, fodder, medicine and for fencing agricultural fields. This nitrogen fixing shrub is commonly seen along stream and water course.
Inhibiting Insulin Resistance and Accumulation of Triglycerides and Cholesterol in the Liver
Published in Christophe Wiart, Medicinal Plants in Asia for Metabolic Syndrome, 2017
The seeds of Hippophae rhamnoides L. contain linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid whereas the peel of the fruit contains palmitoleic acid.314 Linoleic acid and linolenic acid, inhibited the enzymatic activity of protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B in vitro.315 Zhang et al. provided evidence that aqueous extract of deffated seeds of Hippophae rhamnoides L. given orally at a dose of 400 mg/kg/day to streptozotocin-induced diabetic type 2 Sprague–Dawley rats on high-fat diet for 6 weeks lowered glycaemia from about 10 to 9 mmol/L, reduced body weight, lowered insulinaemia and improved insulin sensitivity.316 This extract reduced serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein–cholesterol.316 In line, total flavonoid fraction of seeds given orally at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day for 12 weeks to ICR mice on high-fat diet evoked a decrease of liver weight and epididymal weight.317 This treatment lowered plasma cholesterol by 13.5% and low-density lipoprotein–cholesterol by 26% and had no effect on plasma triglycerides.317 Plasma glucose was lowered by 22.4% by the treatment, whereas plasma insulin was unchanged.317 At the end of the treatment, area under the curve of glucose in oral glucose tolerance test was decreased by 8.3%.317 At the hepatic level this treatment decreased hepatic triglycerides from 0.1 to 0.08 mg/g (normal 0.07 mg/g) and cholesterol from 0.07 to 0.05 mg/g (normal: 0.01 mg/g). This treatment improved hepatic cytoarchitecture with decrease in lipid droplets.317 In a subsequent study, ethanol extract of leaves of Hippophae rhamnoides L. given to C57BL/6J mice on high-fat diet at a dose of 1 g/kg/day for 13 weeks lowered body weight gain from 18.4 to 11.2 g and epididymal fat weight from 2.6 to 1.5 g and improved glucose clearance.318 This treatment evoked an increase of serum triglycerides from 127.2 to 141.5 mg/dL, a decrease of total cholesterol from 169.3 to 129.7 mg/dL, a decrease of high-density lipoprotein–cholesterol from 105.5 to 83.9 mg/dL.317 At the hepatic level, the extract lowered triglycerides from 35.1 to 12.8 mg/g, total cholesterol from 1.6 to 0.8 mg/g, enhanced the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α and its target carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1, it also inhibited acetyl-CoA carboxylase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ.318 The precise mode of action and principle involved are not known but one could reasonably suggest, at least, the role of flavonoids. Indeed, the fruits of Hippophae rhamnoides L. contain flavonoids of which epicatechin, catechin, rutin, kaempferol, and quercetin as well as dimeric proanthocyanidins including catechin-(4α-8)-catechin, and catechin-(4α-8)-epicatechin as well as flavan-3-ols.319,320 The leaves of this plant contain catechin, rutin, kaempferol, quercetin, and isorhamnetin.321
Hepatoprotective effect of seabuckthorn leaf-extract in lead acetate-intoxicated Wistar rats
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Rizwana Zargar, Pratiksha Raghuwanshi, Aditi Lal Koul, Ankur Rastogi, Pallavi Khajuria, Aafreen Wahid, Sumeet Kour
Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides), a dwarf to tall (3–15 feet), branched, and thorny deciduous shrub is well documented in Asia and Europe (Li and Schroeder 1996). It is present in high altitude regions of Himachal Pradesh, Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, and Uttarakhand (Bhardwaj et al.2015) in India. Different parts of the plant have been documented in traditional medicine to treat diseases, such as flu, cardiovascular diseases, mucosal injuries, skin disorders, and hyperglycemia (Zhang et al.2010). The leaves of the plant are rich in nutrients and bioactive substances. The presence of phenolic constituents such as quercetin-3-O-galactoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin in Seabuckthorn leaf-extract (Upadhyay et al.2010, Suryakumar and Gupta 2011) contribute to its wide usage as a natural antioxidant (Kumar et al.2011). The hepatoprotective activity of Seabuckthorn leaf-extract in diabetes mellitus (Khajuria et al.2018) has also been reported.
Therapeutic potential of seabuckthorn: a patent review (2000-2018)
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, 2019
Inder Pal Singh, Furkan Ahmad, Dattatraya Dinkar Gore, Kulbhushan Tikoo, Arvind Bansal, Sanjay Madhukar Jachak, Gopabandhu Jena
Seabuckthorn (SBT) (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) belongs to the family Elaeagnaceae. The genus Hippophae comprises seven species namely H. goniocarpa, H. gyantsensis, H. litangensis, H. neurocarpa, H. rhamnoides, H. salicifolia, and H. tibetana. H. rhamnoides is further classified into eight subspecies, namely H. rhamnoides ssp. sinensis, ssp. yunnanensis, ssp. turkestanica, ssp. caucasica, ssp. mongolica, ssp. fluviatili, ssp. carpatica, ssp. rhamnoides. Mainly, three species, H. rhamnoides, H. salicifolia and H. tibetana, are distributed in the Indian sub-continent [1,2]. SBT is widely distributed and estimated to cover about 3.0 million hectares worldwide (both wild and cultivated). The major cultivation of SBT is found in China, Mongolia, Russia, Northern Europe, and Canada, contributing to approximately 90% of total cultivation of sea buckthorn in the World. Among these countries, China is the leading producer of SBT. It is estimated that about 1,30,000 ha of area is under SBT cultivation in India, Ladakh region being the highest producer of SBT, contributing to about 70% of total produce in India [3]. SBT is a deciduous and hardy bush. The general appearance of berries is shiny and the color of ripe berries varies from yellow–orange–red depending on the cultivar. Berries ripen in August to September in Canada and Europe and from the end of September to the end of November in India and China [3,4]. The round-oblong berries develop and ripen uniformly. The average weight ranges from 70 to 80 g/100 berries and the same further varies between different cultivars [5].
Single pot synthesized gold nanoparticles using Hippophae rhamnoides leaf and berry extract showed shape-dependent differential nanobiotechnological applications
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Hippophae rhamnoides leaves are a rich source of secondary metabolites including carotenoids, isprenols, triterpenols, β-carotene, vitamin E, catechins, elagic acid, ferulic acid, polyphenolics (epicatechin, gallocatechin, gallic acid, epigallocatechin), and antioxidants [carotenoids (lycopene, b-carotenes, zeaxanthin) flavonoids (quercitin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin)]. The berries are good source of vitamins (C, A, E and K), essential fatty acids (omega 3 and 6), saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (oleic, palmitic, palmitoleic, linoleic and linolenic acids), carotenoids (lycopene, lutein and zeaxanthin), flavonoids, organic acids and amino acids [17].