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Copper nanoparticles synthesis optimization using melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) leaves extract and beta cyclodextrin as a stabilizer
Published in Ade Gafar Abdullah, Isma Widiaty, Cep Ubad Abdullah, Medical Technology and Environmental Health, 2020
H.A. Wisnuwardhani, R.D. Shafira, Y. Lukmayani, A. Arumsari
Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) is one of the local commodities that has several benefits. Melinjo is widely cultivated in Indonesia, but the usage of this plant is limited to its usage as vegetables and as a material of emping (kind of melinjo chips in Indonesia). According to Pudjiatmoko (2007), the antioxidant activity of the phenolic content in melinjo is equivalent to the synthetic antioxidant Butylated Hydroxytolune (BHT). Chemical content contained in melinjo seeds and leaves are saponins, flavonoids, and tannins while melinjo skins contain saponins and flavonoids.
Antioxidant Agents from Green Leafy Vegetables: A Review
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Ademola Olabode Ayeleso, T. Jesse Joel, Sujogya Kumar Panda, The Therapeutic Properties of Medicinal Plants, 2019
Abiola Fatimah Adenowo, Muhibah Folashade Ilori, Mutiu Idowu Kazeem
Gnetum africanum belongs to the family Gnetaceae, which is extensively distributed in Cameroun, Equatorial Guinea, Central Africa Republic, Gabon, and Nigeria. It is widely consumed in the South East region of Nigeria, where it is known as ‘Afang’ or ‘Ukazi.’ It is often cooked with water-leaves and also consumed as vegetable salad [15, 30].
Plant DNA: Contents and Systematics
Published in S. K. Dutta, DNA Systematics, 2019
Gymnosperms as a group apart show a much more narrow range of DNA content as compared with angiosperms. At the same time the DNA values are so consistently high that they are surpassed in angiosperms only by some monocots.19,32 Price et al.62 analyzed DNA contents from nuclear volume measurements of 236 gymnosperm species. The discrepancies in their technique and the low reliability of their results have been enumerated.63 Subsequently, Ohri and Khoshoo13 measured 2C values of 57 species belonging to 22 genera of gymnosperms. The range between minimum (Gnetum ula, 2C = 4.54 pg) and maximum (Pinus gerardiana, 2C = 57.35 pg) is 12-fold. A notable feature is that this variation has occurred primarily at diploid level because of rarity of polyploidy among gymnosperms;64 this point will be discussed in a later section. Among Cycadales the maximum DNA content is depicted by Encephalartos villosus (42.17 pg). Ginkgo biloba, the only living species of Ginkgoales, has 19.86 pg. Among Coniferales the genera belonging to Pinaceae show higher mean DNA content than those of other families. Within the order Coniferales the DNA content shows 3.5-fold difference. Furthermore, the genus Pinus shows more mean DNA content than other genera of Pinaceae. Very remarkable interspecific differences are depicted in Picea, Larix, Pinus, Callitris, Cupressus, and Chamaecyparis (Table 2). In Ephedrales, Ephedra tweediana (17.75 pg) shows a lower DNA value than the members of Coniferales. Gnetum ula is quite distinct with the lowest DNA value (4.54 pg) among all gymnosperms.
Sodium-glucose transporter (SGLT2) inhibition: A potential target for treatment of type-2 Diabetes Mellitus with Natural and Synthetic compounds
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2023
Shubham Batra, Prabhjeet Kaur Bamrah, Manjusha Choudhary
The widespread growth of a Gnetum gnemonoides species can be found across Southeast Asia and the Pacific, including New Guinea, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Indonesia. It is reported to contain stilbenoids, which exhibit biological qualities as antibacterial, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and enzyme inhibitory action. Bronchitis, asthma, and arthritis have all been treated with this species as a kind of traditional medicine [68]. Gnetum gnemonoides include several stilbenoids that have been isolated, resveratrol, oxyresveratrol, piceatannol, and isorhapontigenin have been shown SGLT inhibitory activity. Gneyulins A and B, two stilbene trimmers made up of oxyresveratrol constituent units, demonstrated modest inhibitory activity against SGLT1 and SGLT2, whereas Noidesols A and B, two dihydroflavonol-C-glucosides, had no SGLT inhibitory potential [12].
Gnetum montanum extract induces apoptosis by inhibiting the activation of AKT in SW480 human colon cancer cells
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Xianglong Pan, Xiaotao Hou, Fan Zhang, Peiling Tang, Wanruo Wan, Zixia Su, Yeguo Yang, Wei Wei, Zhengcai Du, Jiagang Deng, Erwei Hao
Gnetum montanum Markgr. (Gnetaceae) is an evergreen vine indigenous to southern China and Southeast Asia (Wang et al. 2009). In traditional clinical practice of Yao medicine, the stems and rhizomes of this plant are used to treat rheumatic arthralgia and bruises (Qin et al. 2002; Ma et al. 2017). Besides, modern chemistry research shows that the plant contains abundant stilbenes (Zhai et al. 2016), sterols (Zhou et al. 1989), flavonoids (Xiang et al. 2002), alkaloids (Martin et al. 2011) and other bioactive phytochemicals. Furthermore, modern pharmacological research also proved that the plant exhibited various biological activities such as antitumor, antioxidation, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial (Li et al. 2004; Shen et al. 2017). Despite the antitumor activity of G. montanum has been proven, the active compounds that contribute to the activity and its mechanism of action are not clear. In the previous pharmacodynamic study, we found that the stems and rhizomes of G. montanum exhibited significant inhibition on the proliferation of human colon cancer SW480 cells.
Manganese-induced neurodegenerative diseases and possible therapeutic approaches
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2020
Airton C. Martins, Priscila Gubert, Gustavo R. Villas Boas, Marina Meirelles Paes, Abel Santamaría, Eunsook Lee, Alexey A. Tinkov, Aaron B. Bowman, Michael Aschner
In several cases, the pharmacological properties have been assigned to their phytomedical compounds. On the other hand, many studies have compared the differences between the extract effects and the isolated phytomedical compounds (Table2). For instance, the efficacy of the alkaloid boldine, component of boldo (Peumus boldus) extract, in preventing/ameliorating the Mn toxic effects in D. melanogaster has been shown. Interestingly, while Boldo extract reduced the mortality rate of flies exposed to Mn, boldine did not show such effectiveness [135]. Boldine partially improved the Mn-induced locomotor dysfunction and decreased TBARS levels, which were fully ameliorated by boldo’s crude extract [135]. The protective properties of an alkaloid extract from African Jointfir (Gnetum africanum) leaf against Mn toxicity was also tested in D. melanogaster as a model. The extract counteracted Mn-induced increase in acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) activity, nitric oxide (NO), and ROS levels [149].