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Role of Natural Agents in the Management of Diabetes
Published in Rohit Dutt, Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Vandana Garg, Promising Drug Molecules of Natural Origin, 2020
Monika Elżbieta Jach, Anna Serefko
Aloe vera is used as dried sap in traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes in the Arabian Peninsula and India (Cefalu et al., 2011). The pulp, gel, or juice obtained from the inner part of the leaves can contain glucomannan. Glucomannan is a water-soluble DF with hypoglycemic and insulin-sensitizing properties (Vuksan et al., 2000). Preclinical studies in rats have reported that bitter aloe leaf pulp (10 ml/kg) significantly decreased serum glucose and enhanced serum insulin levels, compared to control diabetic rats (Abo-Youssef et al., 2013). It is believed that one tablespoonful of aloe vera juice administered orally twice a day for 42 days (in the morning and at bedtime) shows anti-hyperglycemic activity in T2DM patients (Kochhar et al., 2018). However, other preclinical studies have shown incompatible results (Yeh et al., 2003).
Nutraceutical Herbs and Insulin Resistance
Published in Robert E.C. Wildman, Richard S. Bruno, Handbook of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, 2019
Giuseppe Derosa, Pamela Maffioli
Konjac extract (KE) was refined from Amorphophallus konjac K.Koch, a kind of Chinese herb. KE is a kind of white crystal grain obtained from its tuber. Its main component is Konjac glucomannan,11 which is a kind of excellent edible fiber. It was reported12,13 that this polysaccharide could decrease total cholesterol (TC) and blood glucose, fat, and excretion. Recent studies indicated that KE could obviously improve glucose tolerance in diabetic patients and animals.14 This was confirmed by Mao et al, who showed that KE might not only improve insulin resistance and increase insulin sensitivity, but also lower fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycogen in liver and skeletal muscle, but it had no effect on the release of insulin. The experimental results revealed that KE might improve insulin sensitivity by increasing glucose usage of non-oxidation approach, not depending on the release of insulin.15
Incorporating dietary supplements with sports-specific training and competition
Published in Jay R Hoffman, Dietary Supplementation in Sport and Exercise, 2019
Gerald T Mangine, Matthew T Stratton
Appetite suppressants (e.g., ephedra, garcinia cambogia, soluble fibres [e.g. Guar gum, glucomannan] and hoodia gordonii) may assist in hunger management when the dietary strategy involves caloric restriction. Of these, supplementation with soluble fibres appears to be a safer alternative to the previously-discussed stimulants and have been associated with small-to-moderate reductions in body mass (~1–5.8 kg) (3, 68, 88) and composition (~2.4% body fat reduction) (88) over 4–14 weeks compared to controls. They are believed to elicit a sense of satiety and fullness by stimulating water absorption in the gut and the production of hunger-regulating hormones (e.g., leptin), and so lead to decreased food and energy intake (3).
Merging konjac glucomannan with other copolymeric hydrogels as a cutting-edge liquid raft system for dual delivery of etoricoxib and famotidine
Published in Drug Delivery, 2023
Nabil A. Shoman, Marwa Saady, Mahmoud Teaima, Rehab Abdelmonem, Mohamed A. El-Nabarawi, Sammar Fathy Elhabal
Konjac glucomannan (KGL) is a natural, soluble, highly viscous polysaccharide fiber that is extracted from the tuber of Amorphophallus Konjac roots (Vaughn, 2012). KGL exhibits some medical characteristics like lowering cholesterol, treating constipation and diabetes, and promoting weight loss (Vaughn, 2012). Moreover, KGL can possess some anti-inflammatory effect that would synergize the effect of etoricoxib in managing pain and reduces the inflammatory mediators (Y. Zhao et al., 2020; Wei et al., 2022). One of the suggested mechanisms is the regulation of the nuclear factor kappa B pathway and possible reduction in the population of these inflammatory cells thus preventing oxidative stress and reducing inflammation (Devaraj et al., 2019; Y. Zhao et al., 2020). The other mechanism is the down-regulation of the inflammatory factor, tumor necrosis factor α, which is a potent mediator of inflammatory and immune functions (Behera & Ray, 2016; Wei et al., 2022).
An update on the safety of nutraceuticals and effects on lipid parameters
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 2018
Arrigo F. G. Cicero, Alessandro Colletti
Glucomannan (Amorphophallus konjac) is a particular soluble fiber (polysaccharide consisting of glucose and mannose polymers in the ratio of 1:1.6, bound through β-1,4-glycosidic bonds). Unlike other fibers, glucomannan does not act by binding bile acids, but it seems to reduce the absorption of cholesterol in the jejunum and the absorption of bile acids in the ileum, yielding improvements in apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and plasma LDL-C levels in both adults and children [31,32]. A meta-analysis of 12 RCTs (n = 370), 8 in adults and 4 in children, shows that glucomannan significantly lowers LDL-C (MD: −13.5.35 mg/dL; 95% CI: −17.8 to −9.7 mg/dL) compared to controls [33].
Potential applications of drug delivery technologies against radiation enteritis
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2023
Dongdong Liu, Meng Wei, Wenrui Yan, Hua Xie, Yingbao Sun, Bochuan Yuan, Yiguang Jin
Konjac glucomannan (KGM) is a water-soluble polysaccharide obtained from the roots and tubers of konjac plants. KGM consists of D-mannose and D-glucose with an α-1,4-pyranoside bond and a small number of acetyl groups at the C-6 position of the side chain. KGM is biodegradable, non-toxic, harmless, and biocompatible. Its gelation performance is one of its most significant characteristics and enables wide applications of KGM hydrogels as drug delivery systems [103]. KGM can only be hydrolyzed by α-mannase at the end of the small intestine and the colon of the human body, so KGM hydrogels released drugs in the gut for RE therapy.