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Potential of Spices As Medicines and Immunity Boosters
Published in Amit Baran Sharangi, K. V. Peter, Medicinal Plants, 2023
Minoo Divakaran, K. Nirmal Babu, K. V. Peter
Ginger is the underground rhizome of herbaceous perennial Zingiber officinale Rosc. Ginger, finds use in fresh and dry forms, and is the third most important spice prized for its flavor and medicinal properties. It is useful as a spice and condiment, to alleviate liver complaints, state of anemia, arthritic pain, piles, and jaundice in both Indian and Chinese medicine. The genus Zingiber consisting of about 150 species, is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical Asia. Traditional usage reports effectiveness in gastrointestinal complaints and also as a viable adjuvant against nausea and vomiting in the cancer treatment, especially chemotherapy. Marx et al. (2017) revealed that gingerol and shojail, the bioactive compounds in ginger, interfere with the biochemical pathways linked to chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) pathways, by modulation of cellular redox signaling process.
Tropical Herbs and Spices as Functional Foods with Antidiabetic Activities
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Arijit Nath, Rasul Hafiz Ansar Suleria, Plant-Based Functional Foods and Phytochemicals, 2021
Arnia Sari Mukaromah, Fitria Susilowati
Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is similar to turmeric and it is a popular ingredient in cooking due to a peculiar flavor, aroma, and pungent odors. Besides cooking, ginger is also well-known for its medicinal properties against gastrointestinal disorder, motion sickness, nausea relief, cold, and flu relief, pain, and inflammation (reduce muscle pain, knee, and elbow). Ginger contains several biochemical constituents, such as: gingerol, shogaol, paradol, and zingerone [23]. It may also reduce the risks of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), blood clotting, and hyperglycemia.
Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Bioactive Compounds from Medicinal Plants
Published in Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Megh R. Goyal, Health Benefits of Secondary Phytocompounds from Plant and Marine Sources, 2021
Muhammad Imran, Abdur Rauf, Anees Ahmed Khalil, Saud Bawazeer, Seema Patel, Zafar Ali Shah
The 6-Gingerol application led to the reinstatement of reduced intestinal barrier functionality and reportedly suppressed pro-inflammatory response in DSS (dextran sodium sulfate)-administrated monolayers of Caco-2 cells. In vitro studies revealed the activation of AMPK (adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase) owing to treatment of 6-gingerol. Outcomes of animal studies illustrated the ameliorating potential of 6-gingerol on DSS-induced colitis through bodyweight loss restoration, reducing intestinal bleeding, and preventing the shrinkage of colon length. Additionally, 6-gingerol also inhibited the elevated levels of TNFα, IL-1 β, and IL-12 that were increased due to induction of DSS [7].
Recent advances towards natural plants as potential inhibitors of SARS-Cov-2 targets
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2023
Zhouman He, Jia Yuan, Yuanwen Zhang, Runfeng Li, Meilan Mo, Yutao Wang, Huihui Ti
Gingerol, the main spicy component of ginger, can be used as a medicinal food derivative (Rahman F et al. 2021). It also contains similar pharmacophores as nelfinavir and might bind to 3CLpro, based on MD (Khaerunnisa et al. 2020). By performing a virtual screen for phytochemicals, Wu C et al. (2020) proposed that in-house natural products might serve as potential 3CLpro inhibitors. For example, andrograpanin, phyllaemblinol, oleanolic acid, deacetylcentapicrin, betulonal, andrographiside, gnidicin, platycodin D, (S)-(1S,2R,4aS,5R,8aS)-1-formamido-(1S,2R,4aS,5R,8aS)-1-formamido-1,4a-dimethyl-6-methylene-5-([E]-2-[2-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-yl]ethenyl) decahydronaphthalen-2-yl 5-([R]-1,2-dithiolan-3-yl) pentanoate, (1S,2R,4aS,5R,8aS)-1-formamido-1,4a-dimethyl-6-methylene-5-([E]-2-[2-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-yl]ethenyl) decahydronaphthalen-2-yl 2-nitrobenzoate, (S)-(1S,2R,4aS,5R,8aS)-1-formamido-1, 4a-dimethyl-6-methylene-5-([E]-2-[2-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-yl]ethenyl) decahydronaphthalen-2-yl-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoate, 2-([1R,5R,6R,8aS]-6-hydroxy-5-[hydroxymethyl]-5,8a-dimethyl-2-methylenedecahydronaphthalen-1-yl)ethyl benzoate, 2β-hydroxy-3,4-seco-friedelolactone-27-oic acid, cerevisterol, kouitchenside I, and stigmast-5-en-3-ol (sitosterol) might have high binding affinities for 3CLpro. These natural small-molecule compounds may be potential therapeutic candidates for SARS-CoV-2.
A Randomized Double-Blind Trial of Ginger Root for Reducing Muscle Soreness and Improving Physical Performance Recovery Among Experienced Recreational Distance Runners
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2020
Each ginger capsule contained 250 mg of ginger root extract standardized with at least 5% gingerols, as well as an additional 225 mg of regular ginger root. To verify these levels, capsules were sent to an independent laboratory (GAAS Analytical, Tucson, AZ, USA). The analysis, conducted via reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography, revealed the ginger capsules contained 16.6 mg/g of 6-gingerol, 3.52 mg/g of 8-gingerol, 6.9 mg/g of 10-gingerol, and 3.29 mg/g of 6-shogaol, which are levels above what is usually found in supplements on the market (Schwertner and Rios 2007). Participants ingested 3 capsules/day (1.425 g/day of ginger root) over the 5-day protocol. A daily dose of 1.425 g was chosen because most previous trials showing reductions in pain have administered 1–2 g/day of ginger (Terry et al. 2011). Furthermore, asking participants to consume more than three capsules per day would have likely decreased compliance.
Preparation and in vitro/in vivo evaluation of 6-Gingerol TPGS/PEG-PCL polymeric micelles
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2020
Lijun Zhen, Qiuyu Wei, Qilong Wang, Huiyun Zhang, Michael Adu-Frimpong, Caleb Kesse Firempong, Ximing Xu, Jiangnan Yu
6-Gingerol (1, [4′-hydroxy-3′-methyoxyphenyl-5-hydroxy]-3-decanone) (Lee et al. 2008) (Figure 1(A)), one of the major pungent compounds isolated from ginger is a hydrophobic ingredient with scarce water-solubility. Historically, 6-Gingerol has been widely reported for its beneficial effects such as antioxidant (Masuda et al. 2004), anti-inflammatory (Young et al. 2005; Dugasani et al. 2010), antithrombotic (Liao et al. 2012), inhibition of adipogenesis (Tzeng et al. 2014), anti-diabetic (Chakraborty et al. 2012), anti-arthritic, anti-migraine (Gauthier et al. 2013) and anti-nausea (Pertz et al. 2011), as well as alleviating the malaise caused by rheumatic disorders (Srivastava and Mustafa 1989, 1992). 6-Gingerol can also inhibit cancer development by suppressing metastasis of cancer cells (Lee et al. 2008) coupled with anti-angiogenesis of cancerous tumors (Kim et al. 2005). It was also reported that 6-Gingerol-rich fraction from Zingiber officinale has significantly antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic activities in the brain (Abolaji et al. 2017) Moreover, 6-Gingerol has potent protective effect on the brain’s nervous system and studies has shown that the drug could attenuate amnestic deficits of Alzheimer’s disease by inhibiting different biochemical factors in the brain (Joshi and Parle 2006; Halawany et al. 2017).