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Nano Delivery of Antiviral Plant Bioactives as Cancer Therapeutics
Published in Devarajan Thangadurai, Saher Islam, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Viral and Antiviral Nanomaterials, 2022
Haripriya Shanmugam, Badma Priya, Manickam Senguttuvan Swetha, Janani Semalaiyappan
Genistein, an isoflavone commonly present in soy products, is a phytoestrogen that has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. It has antiviral effects against a wide range of viruses like herpes virus, human papilloma virus, HIV, swine flu and can act synergistically along with other existing antiviral drugs like acyclovir and reduce their side effects (LeCher et al. 2019). It also hampers tyrosine phosphorylation, which is essential for various cellular processes. In this way, the viability of cancer cells is reduced; thus, genistein also acts as a potent anticancer bioactive (Chae et al. 2019).
Lifestyle Medicine in Menopause and Bone Health
Published in Michelle Tollefson, Nancy Eriksen, Neha Pathak, Improving Women's Health Across the Lifespan, 2021
Genistein stimulates osteoblastic bone formation, inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption, and prevents bone loss in animal models.67 A study of Japanese women confirmed that consumption of soy can also increase BMD, reducing fracture risk.68 Other studies have shown a reduction of whole-body bone loss,69 a modest bone sparing effect at the femoral neck,70 or no effect.71 A large prospective cohort study found a 28–37% lower risk of fracture for postmenopausal women who consume soy. Benefit was achieved with 5–7 g of soy protein, or 20–30 mg of phytoestrogens daily, which is equivalent to one daily serving of soy foods such as soy milk, tempeh or edamame.72 It is important to note that there are no fracture data on soy supplements.73 A randomized trial found that a daily intake of two glasses of soy milk prevents lumbar spine bone loss in postmenopausal women as well as transdermal progesterone.74
Fetal programming
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
Katherine E. Pelch, Jana L. Allison, Susan C. Nagel
The rates of infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss have increased over the last 50 years. While delayed childbearing in women is a clear and strong factor in decreased fertility, it has been postulated that developmental xenoestrogen exposure may also play a role (142). McLachlan and colleagues reported reduced fertility in mice following developmental DES exposure (68). Jefferson and Newbold recently showed that developmental 500 μg/kg genistein exposure resulted in impaired fertility in female mice in adulthood (121). This dose of genistein is an order of magnitude lower than that consumed by infants fed exclusively soy infant formula (143).
Estrogen receptors as potential therapeutic target in endometrial cancer
Published in Journal of Receptors and Signal Transduction, 2023
Payel Guha, Koushik Sen, Piyali Chowdhury, Dilip Mukherjee
We have also reviewed literatures emphasizing the chemo-preventive role of phytoestrogen, genistein in EC and suggested for clinical trials which are still lacking. Although genistein has been extensively studied for its anti-cancer effects, we still have a long way to travel. Large scale clinical studies taking a large patient cohort is essential to assign the chemo-preventive and therapeutic potential of genistein in ECs. Moreover, the plausible strategy and mechanism to make genistein more accessible and bioavailable with explicit therapeutic dose for the treatment of gynecological cancer, particularly EC, needs to be explored and standardized in more detail. Even, the role of nanotechnology to lower down the required dose of this phytoestrogen and to specifically target endometrial tumor tissue using efficient drug delivery techniques should be explored in details. It is of no doubt that use of genistein would be promising for the treatment of gynecological cancer patients in developing countries where current marketed therapies are beyond the reach of general public, hence limiting their affordability. Therefore, extensive preclinical research along with clinical trials is vital and needs to be designed and executed before genistein is considered as one of the therapeutic treatment of choices for EC.
Fermented Soy Drink (Q-CAN® PLUS) Induces Apoptosis and Reduces Viability of Cancer Cells
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Xinshou Ouyang, Yonglin Chen, Boodapati S. Tejaswi, Suyavaran Arumugam, Eric Secor, Theresa R. Weiss, Michael Leapman, Ather Ali
Genistein is an isoflavone that is found in a number of plants with fava beans and soybeans being major food sources. Genistein has been reported to have a very wide range of biological properties including being an antioxidant, stimulating autophagy, activation of Nrf2, and inhibition of a number of receptors including glycine and nicotinic receptors (19–21). Genistein has been shown to reduce tumor cell proliferation and induce tumor cell apoptosis, making it relevant to ask if the effects of Q-CAN PLUS in Figure 1 were due to its genistein content (22). The genistein composition of Q-CAN PLUS was quantified as detailed in Materials and Methods and was 0.055%. An IC50 of Q-CAN PLUS in the range of 3.8–9 mg/ml therefore corresponds to a genistein concentration of 0.038 and 0.09 mg/ml. We therefore performed a dose–response curve of genistein with the same cell lines and under the same conditions as for Q-CAN PLUS. As Figure 2 shows, this resulted in a dose–response curve demonstrating the ability of genistein to inhibit viability of the same four cancer cell lines. The IC50 of genistein for each of the cell lines was significantly greater than for Q-CAN PLUS (Figure 1). Taking into consideration the IC50 of genistein and the concentration of genistein in Q-CAN PLUS, it is clear that the genistein content of Q-CAN PLUS is not responsible for the majority reduction in tumor cell viability seen in Figure 1. Genistein may however be a contributing component to it.
Effects and mechanisms of natural plant active compounds for the treatment of osteoclast-mediated bone destructive diseases
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2022
Qiang Xu, Zhiyou Cao, JiaQiang Xu, Min Dai, Bin Zhang, Qi Lai, Xuqiang Liu
Genistein prevents osteoclastogenesis and osteoporosis; however, its effects on osteoclast differentiation remain unclear [56]. It is an isoflavonoid phytoestrogen found in unprocessed soybeans. It suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in RAW 264.7 cells by attenuating NADPH oxidase 1-mediated increase in ROS levels, disrupting the mitochondrial electron transport chain system, and scavenging ROS through the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated induction of phase II antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase and HO-1 [45,46]. Genistein promoted osteoblastogenesis through the participation of ER and NOS pathways, and the contribution of ERK or PI3K signal transduction pathways, and also stimulates osteoclast differentiation from its mononuclear progenitor. Du et al. [57] believe that genistein can protect bone and joint by increasing IgG glycosylation, reducing inflammatory reaction, inhibiting NF-κB pathway, inhibiting NFATc1/c-fos and reducing osteoclast activity.