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Gemifloxacin
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Gemifloxacin demonstrates in vitro activity against a broad range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including some atypical organisms (Saravolatz and Leggett, 2003; Yoo et al., 2004); the drug is included among the “respiratory fluoroquinolones” in US consensus guidelines for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (Mandell et al., 2007). Like other fluoroquinolones, gemifloxacin targets the bacterial topoisomerases, DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV (see Chapter 101, Ciprofloxacin). Gemifloxacin interacts with both of these targets in studies using purified enzymes; how-ever, studies with intact bacteria indicate that one or the other enzyme can be the preferred target, depending upon the species (Heaton et al., 2000; Ince et al., 2003).
Shorter Course Antibiotic Therapy (SCAT): Principles, Current Data, and Caveats
Published in Robert C. Owens, Lautenbach Ebbing, Antimicrobial Resistance, 2007
Donald E. Craven, Daniel P. McQuillen, Winnie W. Ooi, George A. Jacoby, Efren L. Rael, Kathleen Steger Craven
A recently published study reported that gemifloxacin (320 mg, orally daily) for 5 days had similar outcomes to patients treated for 7 days with respect to clinical, bacteriological, and radiological efficacy (123).
Quinolones
Published in Thomas T. Yoshikawa, Shobita Rajagopalan, Antibiotic Therapy for Geriatric Patients, 2005
Thomas J. Marrie, Susan Fryters
The usual dosage of ciprofloxacin is 500 or 750 mg twice daily orally (PO), while the intravenous (IV) dosage is 400 mg every 12 hr, or every 8 hr for serious infections. Gatifloxacin is given as 400 mg IV or PO once daily. Levofloxacin is also available in IV and oral formulations. The dosage is 500 or 750 mg once daily. Moxifloxacin is available as an oral and IV formulation in a dosage of 400 mg once daily. Gemifloxacin is available as a 320 mg oral tablet taken once daily.
Design and evaluation of in situ gel eye drops containing nanoparticles of Gemifloxacin Mesylate
Published in Drug Delivery, 2023
Vishwa J. Kalaria, S. Saisivam, Anas Alshishani, Jameel S. Aljariri Alhesan, Sumit Chakraborty, Mohamed Rahamathulla
In-situ gels refer to polymeric systems that are topically applied as solutions or suspensions. They can undergo transition from a sol to a gel phase as they are exposed to ocular physiological conditions, such as temperature (Poloxamer hydrogel), pH (pseudo latexes) or in the presence of ions (sodium alginate) (Kirchhof et al., 2015; Paradkar and Parmar, 2017; Wang & Han, 2017). The liquid state of these systems has many advantages, such as the ease of administration, reproducibility, and the simplicity of manufacturing process. Regarding the gel state system, it has promising benefits in terms of sustained drug release, increasing ocular retention time and mucoadhesion (Abbas et al., 2022). It was reported that when the precorneal residence time of these drugs increased, the availability of drug at the corneal surface could significantly be improved. Previous studies had indicated that when nanoparticle forms of drug had been administered, an obvious increase in the drug absorption along with a decrease in the frequency of administration. This had the effect to decrease dose related toxicity (Destruel et al., 2020). In addition, it was found that the combination of insitu gel and nanoparticles will yield a promising formulation. Gemifloxacin Mesylate is a fluroquinolone water-soluble therapeutic compound that is used to treat bacterial infections (Rajalakshmi et al., 2013). This is because the Gemifloxacin is a DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV inhibitor that binds to bacterial enzymes and prevents DNA replication, causing a cell death (Scoper, 2008).
Management of antibiotic-resistant Helicobacter pylori infection: current perspective in Iran
Published in Journal of Chemotherapy, 2020
Samin Alihosseini, Reza Ghotaslou, Fatemah Sadeghpour Heravi, Zainab Ahmadian, Hamed Ebrahimzadeh Leylabadlo
To investigate the efficacy of gemifloxacin in patients with first-line therapy failure with clarithromycin, a regimen of gemifloxacin plus amoxicillin, bismuth, and omeprazole for 14 days were recommended. The PP and ITT eradication rate was 91.4% and 88.3%, respectively and gemifloxacin was introduced as one of the antibiotics prescribed in the second-line H pylori therapeutic regimens.62 In 2019, Seyyedmajidi et al. evaluated the efficacy of two second-line regimens, one regimen including TT of omeprazole, levofloxacin, and amoxicillin, the second regimen including quadruple of omeprazole, bismuth subcitrate, furazolidone, and amoxicillin on patients with unsuccessful treatment with omeprazole, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin as the first-line therapy. The eradication rates were found to be 86.7% and 78.3% in the (omeprazole, levofloxacin and amoxicillin) and (omeprazole, bismuth sub-citrate, furazolidone and amoxicillin) groups, respectively (p = 0.23). Due to a minor difference between the two groups, both regimens were recommended as second-line therapy. However, due to lower side effects of omeprazole, levofloxacin and amoxicillin regimen compared to omeprazole, bismuth sub-citrate, furazolidone and amoxicillin, this regimen was preferably recommended.63
Iron deficiency anemia in males: a dosing dilemma?
Published in Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives, 2021
Abu Baker Sheikh, Nismat Javed, Zainab Ijaz, Venus Barlas, Rahul Shekhar, Blavir Rukov
The absorption of iron might increase with the use of vitamin C. There was a 48% increase in iron absorption with 500 mg of ascorbic acid for 30 mg of elemental iron, but no increase was seen for vitamin C doses less than 100 mg. The absorption was also increased by consumption of an excess of 200 mg of vitamin C per 30 mg of elemental iron [29]. Additionally, there is the possibility of other drugs interacting with iron. A study investigated the effect of ferrous sulphate on the bioavailability of oral gemifloxacin. Twenty-seven healthy male volunteers received 320 mg of oral gemifloxacin either three hours after or two hours before taking 325 mg of oral ferrous sulphate. It was found that neither routine reduced the bioavailabilty of gemifloxacin [30].