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Medicinal Plants Against COVID-19
Published in Hanadi Talal Ahmedah, Muhammad Riaz, Sagheer Ahmed, Marius Alexandru Moga, The Covid-19 Pandemic, 2023
Binish Khaliq, Naila Ali, Ahmed Akrem, M. Yasin Ashraf, Arif Malik, Arifa Tahir, M. Zia-Ul-Haq
In Pichia pastoris GS115, seven flavonoids named ampelopsis, epigallocatechin, daidzein, puerarin, gallocatechin gallate, epigallocatechin gallate and quercetin were present which expressed their prohibitory activity towards SARS-CoV-3 chymotrypsin-like protease. Among these flavonoids gallocatechin gallate expressed 91% inhibitory activity towards SARS coronavirus 3CL(pro) followed by epigallocatechin gallate (85%), and quercetin (82%), thus, Gallocatechin gallate with IC50 of 47 µM was proved to be the record promising prohibitor of SARS coronavirus 3CL(pro) by establishing a hydrophobic and hydrogen bond with the dynamic site of SARS coronavirus 3Chymotrypsin like protease expressed by molecular docking studies [47]. Although, the function of this hydrogen bonds with at the active site of SARS coronavirus 3CL(pro) is difficult to predict [48].
Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate in Alzheimer’s Disease
Published in Atanu Bhattacharjee, Akula Ramakrishna, Magisetty Obulesu, Phytomedicine and Alzheimer’s Disease, 2020
Khaleel Pasha Md, Magisetty Obulesu
Prolyl endopeptidase (PEP), a serine protease, has been found to show greater activity in AD subjects compared with people without AD (Aoyagi et al., 1991; Polito et al., 2018). EGCG, epicatechin gallate [(-)-ECG], and gallocatechin gallate (GCG), isolated from tea leaves, were potential PEP inhibitors and successfully achieved AD prevention (Kim et al., 2001; Polito et al., 2018). EGCG also inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activities, leading to increased cholinergic transmission (Ali et al., 2016; Polito et al., 2018).
Hyaluronidase and Gelatinase (MMP-2, MMP-9) Inhibitor Plants
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Assessment of Medicinal Plants for Human Health, 2020
C. Donmez, G. D. Durbilmez, H. El-Seedi, U. Koca-Caliskan
Several studies about phytochemical MMPs inhibitors have been published. “A prenylated chalcone derived (xanthohumol) from Humulus lupulus L.”, “Flavonoid glycosides (isorhamnetin 3-O {cyrillic}-β-d-glucoside and quercetin 3-O-β-d-glucoside) from Salicornia herbacea”, “Rhizoma Paridis saponins/Resveratrol/saponin derived from Platycodon grandiflorum” have important inhibitory role in metastasis of cancer by restricting the expressions of MMP-2 and -9.24,26,38,48 It is reported that catechin, gallic and protocatechuic acid, epicatechin (EC), epi-gallocatechin gallate (EGCG), caffeic acid, and rutin have chemoprotective effects due to the inhibition of MMP-2 and -9 protein expressions.10,68 “4-Nerolidylcatechol isolated from Pothomorphe umbellata (L.) Miq.” reduces expression of MMPs that increases with ultra-violet radiation.6,47 “Sinomenine isolated from Sinomenium acutum” shows inhibitory effects in inflammatory autoimmune diseases.54
Effects of green tea extract epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on oral disease-associated microbes: a review
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2022
Chen Kong, Huili Zhang, Lingfeng Li, Zhihui Liu
Tea is one of the most commonly consumed beverages in the world, second only to water. According to the manufacturing process, especially the drying and fermentation methods, tea can be divided into four major varieties: white tea made from young leaves or buds, green tea made from mature unfermented leaves, oolong tea made from partially fermented leaves, and black tea made from fully fermented leaves [1,2]. In recent years, green tea has become more and more popular due to its health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, antibacterial and promotion of cardiovascular and oral health. It has been used for daily health care in many countries, and its output accounts for about 20% of the total amount of tea in the world [3]. Because the initial cooking process in green tea production destroyed polyphenol oxidase, the polyphenol content was protected [4]. Catechins in polyphenols are considered to be the source of many biological properties of green tea, which include free catechins such as catechin (C), gallocatechin (GC), epicatechin (EC) and epigallocatechin (EGC), and gallocatechins such as epicatechin gallate (ECG), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), catechin gallate (CG) and gallocatechin gallate (GCG) [5,6]. In green tea, EGCG and EGC are the most abundant, accounting for about 59% and 19% of the total catechins, respectively. The former constitutes the most effective antibacterial component in catechins and has now become the subject of most studies [7].
Diet-Derived Gallated Catechins Prevent TGF-β-Mediated Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, Cell Migration and Vasculogenic Mimicry in Chemosensitive ES-2 Ovarian Cancer Cells
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2021
Audrey-Ann Sicard, Tiziana Dao, Narjara Gonzalez Suarez, Borhane Annabi
Green tea, one of the most popular beverages consumed world-wide, is made from the leaves of the plant Camellia sinensis (15). Its active constituents have been of interest to many studies, exposing their numerous beneficial health effects including their anti-carcinogenic activity (15). The green tea family of polyphenols, called catechins, has been shown to be powerful antioxidants capable of preventing tumorigenesis and cancer invasion (16). The most abundant and widely studied catechin, (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), has already been shown to affect a huge variety of cancer signaling pathways (15). However, less is known about the remaining seven major catechins present in green tea: epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin gallate (ECG), and their respective epimers: catechin (C), gallocatechin (GC), catechin gallate (CG) and gallocatechin gallate (GCG) (17).
Effect of catechins and high-temperature-processed green tea extract on scavenging reactive oxygen species and preventing Aβ1–42 fibrils’ formation in brain microvascular endothelium
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2020
Seon-Bong Lee, Eun-Hye Choi, Kang-Hyun Jeong, Kwang-Sik Kim, Soon-Mi Shim, Gun-Hee Kim
(–)-Epigallocatechin (EGC), (–)-EC, (–)-EGCG, (–)-epicatechin gallate (ECG), (–)-gallocatechin (GC), (–)-catechin (C), (–)-gallocatechin gallate (GCG), and (–)-catechin gallate (CG) standards were purchased from Wako (Osaka, Japan). High-temperature-processed green tea extract (HTP_GTE) was kindly provided by AmorePacific R&D Center (Gyeonggi-do, South Korea). Dulbecco’s phosphate saline buffer (DPBS), Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), and 0.25% trypsin EDTA and penicillin/streptomycin were purchased from Corning Costar (Corning, NY). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was purchased from Biotechnics Research Inc. (Lake Forest, CA). Aβ1–42 was purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). The acetic acid solution was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Water and acetonitrile (HPLC grade) were purchased from J.T. Baker (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA).