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Biological Approaches
Published in Tricia L. Chandler, Fredrick Dombrowski, Tara G. Matthews, Co-occurring Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorders, 2022
Tricia L. Chandler, Mary C. Hoke, Tara G. Matthews, Elizabeth Reyes-Fournier
Tiagabine is an anti-convulsive medication primarily used in the treatment of panic disorder. Although the exact mechanism by which Tiagabine exerts its effect on the human body is unknown, it does appear to operate as a selective GABA reuptake inhibitor, enhancing the activity of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Tiagabine binds to recognition sites, permitting more GABA to be available for receptor binding on the surfaces of post-synaptic cells. Tiagabine has shown efficacy in modifying cocaine-using behavior and reducing opiate withdrawal symptoms, including reducing aggressive behavior (Gowin et al., 2011).
Neurotransmitters and pharmacology
Published in Mark J. Ashley, David A. Hovda, Traumatic Brain Injury, 2017
Ronald A. Browning, Richard W. Clough
Because the major mechanism for terminating the action of GABA following its release from nerve endings is reuptake into GABAergic neurons and glial cells, drugs that block this process will enhance and prolong the action of released GABA, just as the SSRIs do for 5-HT. Currently, tiagabine (Gabitril®) is the only GABA reuptake inhibitor available for clinical use. Tiagabine blocks the uptake of GABA in both neurons and glial cells via its selective blockade of GAT-1 rather than GAT-2 or GAT-3. This effectively prolongs the inhibitory action of synaptic GABA. Tiagabine is an antiepileptic drug used for the adjunctive treatment of complex partial seizures.
Social Anxiety Disorder
Published in Stephen M. Stahl, Bret A. Moore, Anxiety Disorders: A Guide for Integrating Psychopharmacology and Psychotherapy, 2013
Catherine M. Kariuki, Dan J. Stein
Tiagabine, a selective y-aminobutyric acid (GABA) reuptake inhibitor, was studied in a pilot trial with an open-label design for 12 weeks, after which responders could enter a relapse withdrawal prevention arm (Dunlop et al., 2007). Tiagabine is understood to inhibit the GABA transporter, thereby blocking GABA reuptake selectively from the synaptic cleft and increasing its availability in the cleft (Allgulander et al., 2004).
Ganaxolone treatment for epilepsy patients: from pharmacology to place in therapy
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2021
Simona Lattanzi, Antonella Riva, Pasquale Striano
Interactions between ASMs have been investigated, and the examined combinations included GNX with the GABA-reuptake inhibitor tiagabine or the benzodiazepine derivative midazolam [45]. In the hippocampal kindling and 6-Hz seizure models, isobolographic analysis demonstrated synergism of GNX and tiagabine for seizure protection, likely through effects on extra-synaptic GABAA receptors from tiagabine-induced elevation in GABA levels [45]. Super-additive antiseizure activity has also been observed with the combination of GNX and midazolam, possibly related to their actions at both synaptic and extrasynaptic GABA-A receptors [45]. Chronic GNX treatment in rats induces anticonvulsant tolerance to diazepam but not to itself, and there was no cross-tolerance to GNX when tolerance developed to diazepam [31].
Brain circuits and neurochemical systems in essential tremor: insights into current and future pharmacotherapeutic approaches
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2018
Sara M Schaefer, Ana Vives Rodriguez, Elan D Louis
Progabide is a GABAA receptor agonist that has shown not to work in ET [62,63]. It is not clear which subunits progabide may or may not act upon, as it has not been explored in ET since the 1980s. Tiagabine is a GABA reuptake inhibitor (rather than a GABA receptor agonist) that is also ineffective for the treatment of ET [64]. Zolpidem has high affinity for α1–3 and γ subunits, like benzodiazepines, but does not act on α5 subunits as benzodiazepines do [20]. It has not been studied in ET. Baclofen, a selective GABAB receptor agonist, has shown an effect in harmaline-induced tremor in rats, but has not been studied in ET patients [65].
New frontiers in the pharmacological treatment of social anxiety disorder in adults: an up-to-date comprehensive overview
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2023
Alice Caldiroli, Enrico Capuzzi, Ilaria Tagliabue, Luisa Ledda, Massimo Clerici, Massimiliano Buoli
Topiramate [46], valproic acid [47], and tiagabine [48], a selective GABA reuptake inhibitor, significantly improved social anxiety symptoms, as reported by the decrease in LSAS and CGI scores in three weak-quality open-label studies conducted on small samples of patients.