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Monographs of Topical Drugs that Have Caused Contact Allergy/Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Flurbiprofen is a derivative of propionic acid and a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects. Flurbiprofen non-selectively binds to and inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX). This results in a reduction of arachidonic acid conversion into prostaglandins that are involved in the regulation of pain, inflammation and fever. Upon ocular administration, flurbiprofen may reduce bicarbonate ion concentrations leading to a decrease in the production of aqueous humor, thereby lowering intraocular pressure (1).
Drugs Affecting the Musculoskeletal System
Published in Radhwan Nidal Al-Zidan, Drugs in Pregnancy, 2020
Risk Summary: It is better to be avoided during the 1st and 3rd Trimesters because the pregnancy experience in humans suggests a risk of pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, SABs, and congenital malformations linked to the use of Flurbiprofen. Furthermore, Flurbiprofen has been found to inhibit labor and to prolong the length of pregnancy.
More Complicated Linear Models
Published in John G. Wagner, Pharmacokinetics for the Pharmaceutical Scientist, 2018
The same subject #11 as above was administered one 100 mg flurbiprofen (acid) tablet under fasting conditions at a different time. Again plasma concentrations of flurbiprofen were measured at the same times as after the oral solution treatment. The Exact Loo-Riegelman method [see Equation (55) under Model X] was applied to these plasma concentrations and the fraction absorbed (FA) was determined as a function of time. These FA, t data were fitted with Equations (89a) and (89b) and results are shown in Figure 2.14. The estimated parameters were: f = 0.107, kat = 2.74 hr-1, ka2 = 3.5hr-1, and to = 0.977 hr.
Systemic Immunosuppression in Cornea and Ocular Surface Disorders: A Ready Reckoner for Ophthalmologists
Published in Seminars in Ophthalmology, 2022
The management of scleritis largely depends on the subtype of scleritis. Based on the clinical features, scleritis can be anterior or posterior and within the anterior subgroup, it can be diffuse, nodular and necrotizing-with or without inflammation.119 The approach to these cases when the patient presents can be divided into three stages. The first being identification of the type of scleritis and instituting the initial treatment. In diffuse and nodular anterior scleritis, oral NSAIDs are the first line of treatment. Oral flurbiprofen or indomethacin is given over 6–8 weeks and patient is observed for signs of resolution.120,121 If the response is not adequate within a month or if the patient has recurrent attacks, then oral steroids should be started at 1 mg/kg/day and gradually tapered. Up to 40 mg/day, the tapering is done at the rate of 10–20 mg/week, then until 20 mg/day the tapering is 10–15 mg/week. For doses below 20 mg/day the tapering is done at 2.5–5 mg/week. In cases of necrotizing scleritis without impending scleral or corneal perforation, oral steroids are started directly at presentation in the manner mentioned above (Figure 7 A,B). If there is impending corneal or scleral perforation, then intravenous methylprednisolone is given 1 gram /day for two-three days followed by oral steroids tapered in the above manner.
Intra-articular delivery of flurbiprofen sustained release thermogel: improved therapeutic outcome of collagenase II-induced rat knee osteoarthritis
Published in Drug Delivery, 2020
Peinan Li, Haokun Li, Xiaohong Shu, Moli Wu, Jia Liu, Tangna Hao, Hongxia Cui, Lianjie Zheng
Several drugs have been already applied via intra-articular injection in OA treatment, of which flurbiprofen axetil and sodium hyaluronate (HA) are commonly used (Liu et al., 2017; Maniar et al., 2018). Flurbiprofen is an NSAID, which plays an active anti-inflammatory role by inhibiting inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-11 (Schmitz et al., 2014; Liu et al., 2017). HA, as one of the main components of synovial fluid and cartilage matrix, plays a role of lubrication in the joint cavity to protect articular cartilage, improve joint contracture and inhibit cartilage degeneration (Liao et al., 2005; Maniar et al., 2018). Intra-articular injection of those agents can achieve better therapeutic effects in comparison with other administration routes (Bhadra et al., 2017). Even though, intra-articular injection is still a kind of invasive therapies and rapid intra-articular drug washout is associated with the need of repeated intra-articular injections, which are not patient friendly and bring about a potential risk of infection. It is therefore necessary to develop an effective way to prolong intra-articular drug retention time and cut down the frequencies of drug administration.
Pregnancy outcomes after suicide attempts by self-poisoning and drug overdose: experience of a clinical pharmacology consultation service in Izmir, Turkey
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2018
The pregnancies with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAI) analgesic overdoses resulted in healthy live births. Polyhydramnios occurred in one pregnancy after the use of flurbiprofen in the 3rd week of gestation, probably before the organogenesis. Experimental animal studies at very high-dose levels and some epidemiological studies have reported a ventricular septal defect and gastroschisis in the offspring after NSAI analgesic exposure during pregnancy. Other epidemiological studies have failed to show such associations. NSAI analgesics have not been shown to cause an increased risk of birth defects, but they are avoided in late pregnancy because of the foetal risks such as renal injury, oligohydramnios and constriction of the ductus arteriosus. A case series of 41 pregnancies with a paracetamol overdose reported one infant with a cleft lip and palate, one with a spina bifida occulta and strabismus, and one who developed pyloric stenosis (overdoses at 28, 26 and 36 weeks of gestation, respectively) (Kurzel 1990). Although some studies have suggested an association between paracetamol use during pregnancy and childhood asthma or cryptorchidism, paracetamol is considered by many clinicians to be safe during pregnancy.