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A Comparative Study of Organic Pollutants in Seawater, Sediments, and Oyster Tissues at Hab River Delta, Balochistan Coast, Pakistan
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Sadar Aslam, Malik Wajid Hussain Chan, Grzegorz Boczkaj, Ghazala Siddiqui
In both oyster samples, several PAHs were identified. The PAHS are present in petroleum fractions, and they are formed during thermal cracking taking place in some processes of crude oil processing (Gilgenast et al., 2011; Boczkaj et al., 2014; Makoś et al., 2018a, 2018b). This indicates a health risk for humans in this region because PAHs are carcinogenic. However, Gardner et al. (1991) has well documented the concentrations of organic contaminates in eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, and in sediments with reference to evidence scale as carcinogens. He gave a scale of carcinogens to different contaminants. According to his scale, Chrysene has limited evidence as carcinogens. Phenanthrene has inadequate evidence while anthracene and fluoranthene have no evidence of being carcinogenic. The only cancer promoter we detected in our results is pyrene. Bender et al. (1988) examined the distribution of PAHs in eastern oysters from the Elizbeth River, Virginia, and conducted laboratory studies compared the uptake and depuration of PAHs by eastern oysters and hard clam, Mercenaria mercenaria, with exposure to contaminated sediments from the Elizabeth River. Animals were exposed to contaminated sediments for 28 days, followed by a 28-day depuration phase. Oysters accumulated three to four times more total PAH than clams with similar uptake rates. Bioconcentration factors for oysters ranged from 1600 for phenanthrene to 36,000 for methyl-pyrene (Capuzzo, 1996).
Lifestyle and Diet
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are complex benzenoid compounds formed during incomplete combustion (196). The major sources of PAHs include domestic activities such as wood burning, frying, and barbecuing, as well as external origins like road traffic, fuel combustion in industry, forest fires, and more. Exposure to PAH-containing substances increases the risk of cancer in humans (196). The carcinogenicity of PAHs depends on the different chemical structure of the molecule. Fluoranthene is an important volatile PAH because it occurs at high levels in ambient air and because it has demonstrated carcinogenic property in certain test systems (196). Phenanthrene, anthracene, and pyrene also belong to PAHs and have carcinogenic property (196).
Exposure Assessment
Published in Ted W. Simon, Environmental Risk Assessment, 2019
The predicted Kp value from the Potts and Guy equation is 0.194 cm/hr. The values for B and τ are not provided, but those for fluoranthene were used as surrogate values. Fluoranthene has a very similar molecular weight (202.3) and log Kow value (4.95) to those for pyrene.
Placental levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their association with birth weight of infants
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Priyanka Agarwal, Madhu Anand, Paromita Chakraborty, Laxmi Singh, Jamson Masih, Ajay Taneja
Table 2 summarizes the descriptive statistics of PAHs congeners. The total concentration of PAH quantified in placenta tissue samples ranged from 0.64–1363.33 µg/L, with a mean value of 97.20 µg/L (wet-weight concentration levels). Among the sixteen congeners analyzed, the highest levels of chrysene (36.92 µg/L) and benzo(k)fluoranthene (34.82 µg/L) were observed. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed that chrysene and benzo(k)fluoranthene had a strong correlation with the concentrations of other PAHs and ∑PAHs as well (Pearson correlation coefficient, r = 0.27–0.99, Supplementary file S2). The detection rates were different for the individual PAHs with highest PAHs detected as follows: benzo(k)fluoranthene (44%), benzo(a)anthracene (43%) and benzo(b)fluoranthene (41%), while the lowest detection rate was observed for acenaphthene and fluorene (4–8% of total samples analyzed). Benzo(a)pyrene, a known human carcinogen, was detected in 27.4% of the samples. It was also observed during the study that high molecular weight PAHs (HMW: Fla, Pyr, BaA, Chy, BbF, BkF, BaP, DahA, IcdP, BghiP) were more abundant than low molecular weight PAHs (LMW: Nap, Ace, Acy, Flu, Phen, Anth) in the analyzed samples. The ratio of ∑LMW PAHs to ∑HMW PAHs (LMW/HMW) is commonly used to recognize the emission sources of PAHs in the atmosphere. In the current study, the ratio of ∑LMW/HMW < 1, clearly points that in placental tissue samples, the main source of PAHs is mostly pyrogenic.
Monitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in smoke of charcoal grilled meat-restaurants in Amman, Jordan
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Sharif H. Arar, Sarya G. Ikbarieh, Mohammed H. Kailani, Mahmoud A. Alawi
PAH-Mix 63 (1000 ng/µL in Toluene, Dr. Ehrenstorfer GmbH) which contained 16 PAHs, namely: Naphthalene, Acenaphthylene, Acenaphthene, Fluorene, Phenanthrene, Anthracene, Fluoranthene, Pyrene, Benzo(a)anthracene, Chrysene, Benzo(b)fluoranthene, Benzene(k)fluoranthene, Benzo(a)pyrene, Benzo(g,h,i)pyrelene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene and Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene. Internal standards 1-Fluouronaphthalene (Dr. Ehrenstorfer GmbH). The solvents acetonitrile and dichloromethane of 99.5% purity were of the HPLC/GC grade purchased from Tedia (USA); n-hexane of purity 95% was purchased from GCC (UK). QuEChERS extraction kit (AOAC ExtraBond Scharlau with Catalogue No.: QUEXTAOAK1) and QuEChERS clean up kit EN ExtraBond Scharlau with Catalogue No.: QUDISENNK2 were purchased from Scharlau (Barcelona, Spain).
Levels of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediment samples from selected Jordanian dams
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2021
Sharif Arar, Mahmoud Alawi, Ali Alnawaiseh, Mohanad Masad
Comparing the results of the studied samples from the five Jordanian dams for the 13 PAH compounds as shown in Table 4, we found that acenaphthylene was found in the concentration range from 0.0 ng/g (Wadi ElArab, Karamah, and Mujib) to 12.3 ng/g (King Tala dam). Fluorene was found in the concentration range from 10.4 ng/g (King Talal dam) to 22.0 (Wadi ElArab). Phenanthrene was found in the concentration range from 0.0 ng/g (Mujib and Tannur) to 2.8 ng/g (King Talal dam). Anthracene was found in the concentration range from 0.0 ng/g (Tannur) to 13.6 ng/g (Mujib). Pyrene was found in the concentration range from 0.0 ng/g (Tannur) to 7.2 ng/g (Mujib). Benzo(a)anthracene was found in the concentration range from 0.0 ng/g (Mujib, Tannur, and Karamah) to 2.0 ng/g (Wadi ElArab). Chrysene was found in the concentration range from 0.0 ng/g (Mujib, Tannur, and Karamah) to 5.0 ng/g (King Talal dam). Benzo(b)fluoranthene, dibenzo-(a,h)anthracene, benzo(g,h,i)perylene, and indeno-(1,2,3cd)pyrene were found only in king Talal dam with the concentration 25.3 ng/g, 1.0 ng/g, 0.5 ng/g, and 2.0, respectively. Benzo(k)fluoranthene and benzo(a)pyrene were not found in all studied dams.