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Understanding the Proteomics of Medicinal Plants under Environmental Pollution
Published in Azamal Husen, Environmental Pollution and Medicinal Plants, 2022
Pooja Singh, V.K. Mishra, Rohit Kashyap, Rahul Rawat
Pollution of the environment occurs when pollutants are introduced into the natural environment, causing negative impacts on the ecosystem. It has four key effect points: air, water, soil, and habitat. Airborne, soil, and water pollutants may enter plants mostly via leaves, roots, or the whole surface, respectively. They can cause rapid and direct effects, such as oxidative stresses, while prolonged exposure to pollutants interferes with plant metabolism leading to impaired growth, reduced harvest, economic losses, and disturbed ecosystem functions. There exists a complex interplay between pollutants and their effects on plants, and in turn, plants tend to adapt, recover, and mitigate the effects of the pollution.
Environment, pregnancy complications, and omics
Published in Moshe Hod, Vincenzo Berghella, Mary E. D'Alton, Gian Carlo Di Renzo, Eduard Gratacós, Vassilios Fanos, New Technologies and Perinatal Medicine, 2019
Air pollutants include substances such as carbon-monoxide (CO), organic gases, particulate matter (PM), ozone (O3), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2); these may result from natural sources such as volcanoes, fire, plants, and lightning, and from anthropogenic sources such as combustion, transportation vehicles, power generation, industrial activity, and domestic heating (5). More than 30,000 pollutants have shown association with clinical effects. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has established National Ambient Air Quality Standards for six major air pollutants, which are followed for assessing the degree of air pollution. These include carbon monoxide (CO), lead, NO2, ozone (O3), PM, and sulfur dioxide; together, they are referred to as the criteria air pollutants (6).
Delivering Urban Health through Urban Planning and Design
Published in Igor Vojnovic, Amber L. Pearson, Gershim Asiki, Geoffrey DeVerteuil, Adriana Allen, Handbook of Global Urban Health, 2019
The risks for human health are also reaching crisis point. With concentration of human activities and movement in cities, urban air pollution has become a key issue. It is the world’s single largest environmental health risk, with 7 million deaths attributable to the joint effects of household and ambient air pollution in 2012 (WHO 2014). Particulate matter, carbon monoxide or nitrogen dioxide emissions and other pollutants also cause a range of serious health problems (stroke, lung and heart disease, cancer, asthma). Increased life expectancy means people are statistically more exposed to chronic conditions (lung and heart disease, cancer, diabetes, mental illness, asthma) and can become more vulnerable to the effects of air pollution and other environmental stressors or extreme weather events such as heatwaves and cold spells.
Application of crosslinked chitosan-nanoclay composite beads for efficient removal of Ponceau S azo dye from aqueous medium
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2023
Seda Çınar, Ayşe Dinçer, Ahmet Eser, Tülin Aydemir
Clay is a natural material with small particle sizes that plasticizes when interacting with water and is used for the adsorption of pollutants from the aqueous medium. All clay minerals are rich in silica, however, the ions such as Ca2+, Fe2+, Na+, Mg2+, or Al3+ between the clay layers affect the properties of the clay. The clay used in this study is an untreated hydrophilic bentonite nanoclay, which can be mixed with different water-soluble polymeric materials and contribute to improving the mechanical, thermal and sorption properties of the polymer. Clays are cheap, easily available, and environmentally friendly materials but their relatively low adsorption capacity makes them less useful in pollutant removal. Therefore to improve pollutant removal it is mixed with synthetic or natural polymers and can be modified by different physical and chemical modification processes (Manna et al.2021).
Chronic bisphenol A exposure induces temporal neurobehavioral transformation and augmented chromatin condensation in the periventricular gray zone of zebrafish brain
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Pradyumna Kumar Sahoo, Lilesh Kumar Pradhan, Saroj Kumar Das
In recent decades, the disposal of anthropogenic pollutants in the sustainable environment has increased at an alarming rate. Because of the industrial revolution, the large-scale localization of people in cities has led to a rise in the level of anthropogenic toxicants in ambient air and waterbodies due to the burning of fossil fuels and sewage disposal, respectively. Among several anthropogenic pollutants, bisphenol A (BPA) is gaining a considerable amount of attention owing to its multifactorial effects on human health. BPA is primarily commercialized to manufacture polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins (Mandel et al. 2019). It is also used as a dental sealant and for protective linings in canned foods and beverages, including water bottles (Fleisch et al. 2010, Vandenberg et al. 2010). The primary mode of human exposure to BPA is through its leaching from the epoxy resin coating of food and beverage packaging containers, inhalation, dermal exposure and also via drinking water (Vandenberg et al. 2007, Arnold et al. 2013, Corrales et al. 2015, Hines et al. 2017). BPA has even been detected in amniotic fluid and fetal plasma, which indicates its potential impact on fetal development during pregnancy (Nishikawa et al. 2010, Doerge et al. 2011).
Air pollution and human health risks: mechanisms and clinical manifestations of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Habib Allah Shahriyari, Yousef Nikmanesh, Saeid Jalali, Noorollah Tahery, Akram Zhiani Fard, Nasser Hatamzadeh, Kourosh Zarea, Maria Cheraghi, Mohammad Javad Mohammadi
Nervous, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems based on epidemiological data are sensitive human system in exposure to air pollutants. Short-term and long-term exposure to criteria pollutants can be disorders with respect to the function of large organs in the body such as lung, eyes, brain, and heart (Lave and Seskin 2013, Taghavirad et al.2014, Andersen et al.2015, Gschwind et al.2015, Mandel et al.2015, Pride et al.2015, Mašková et al.2016). According to the result of several studies, the most important symptoms of PM10, O3, NO2, SO2, metals, and PAHs increases morbidity and mortality including coughing, asthma attacks, respiratory, and cardiovascular disease, eye irritation, and heart stroke in humans (Frischer et al.1993, Pope et al.2011, PAGE 2003, Tsai et al.2003, Gryparis et al.2004, Barnett et al.2006, McClellan et al.2009, Norval et al.2011, Raaschou-Nielsen et al.2013, Woerman 2013, Kloog et al.2014, Madronich et al.2015, Mraihi et al.2015, Peng et al.2015, Pride et al.2015, Maleki et al.2016). According to Middleton et al. (2008), the effect of short-term dust storms increased the cardiovascular visits.