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Staphylococcus aureus
Published in Firza Alexander Gronthoud, Practical Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2020
Benzylpenicillin is more active than flucloxacillin against penicillin-sensitive MSSA strains. However, most MSSA strains are penicillin resistant, and especially in soft tissue infections, multiple MSSA strains may be involved, some of which are penicillin resistant and may be missed in the laboratory. Flucloxacillin therefore remains the first-line option for MSSA infections. It must be noted that the oral absorption of flucloxacillin varies per individual and higher doses or switching to another agent may be advised.
Common problems in the lactating woman
Published in Anne Lee, Sally Inch, David Finnigan, Therapeutics in Pregnancy and Lactation, 2019
Flucloxacillin is also widely used and is safe.23,25,29 Erythromycin may also be effective but is more likely to cause gastrointestinal upset in mother and/or baby.23,25,29 It is also less favoured because of increasing numbers of erythromycin-resistant strains of S. aureus (28%).26 Although no specific problems have been reported, with any antibiotic the effects on the infant bowel flora and the possibility of allergy must be kept in mind.
Women's health
Published in Gina Johnson, Ian Hill-Smith, Chirag Bakhai, The Minor Illness Manual, 2018
Gina Johnson, Ian Hill-Smith, Chirag Bakhai
Bacterial infection Yellow discharge from nipplePersistent fissurePrescription: sodium fusidate ointment after each feed for 7 days. If severe, give oral flucloxacillin (or clarithromycinPIQ if patient is allergic to penicillin)
Relevance of gene polymorphisms of NAT2 and NR1I2 to anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity
Published in Xenobiotica, 2022
Ning Wang, Shaochen Guo, Haiting Liu, Yangming Ding, Rong Yao, Zhongquan Liu, Hui Zhu, Xi Chen, Xinting Yang, Xiaoyou Chen, Yu Lu
The anti-TB drug rifampicin activates human PXR, and subsequently upregulates the expression of CYP2E1 and aminolevulinic acid synthase 1 (Li et al. 2013; He et al. 2017), which can lead to the accumulation of toxic metabolites in liver cells. Furthermore, the activation of human PXR interferes with lipid metabolism resulting in steatosis of liver cells (Shehu and Ma 2018; Wang et al. 2020). In addition to ATDH, in a study on flucloxacillin-induced hepatotoxicity, the CC genotype of rs3814055 was a risk factor for liver injury due to the decrease in cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) activity (Andrews et al. 2010). Based on a luciferase reporter gene system, HepG2 cells transfected with the −25385T-containing promoter region have much higher luciferase activity than those transfected with the −25385C-containing promoter region. The authors argued that unmetabolized flucloxacillin was believed to be more toxic than its metabolites.
Reduced sperm concentration in a patient from a suspected post-operative infection: a case study
Published in British Journal of Biomedical Science, 2020
Hospital records were reviewed for the patient during his hospital admission for potential sepsis. This was authorised by the patient. These demonstrated that post-operatively, the patient was positive for Gram-positive cocci and was given a dose of metronidazole prior to the operation on the muscle tear in late December 2018. In January 2019, the patient attended the accident and emergency department who noted post-operative infection, with an apparent fever and discharge from the affected area. The patient was admitted and given flucloxacillin 500 mg and codeine/paracetamol (30/500 mg). The flucloxacillin was administered by intravenous therapy (IV). During the stay the patient was also administered metronidazole (400 mg). The IV antibiotics were given for a period of 23 days but there was no formal diagnosis of septicaemia based on current NICE guidelines [4].
Development of a high throughput and low cost model for the study of semi-dry biofilms
Published in Biofouling, 2020
Ngozi Amaeze, Ayorinde Akinbobola, Valentine Chukwuemeka, Adil Abalkhaila, Gordon Ramage, Ryan Kean, Harry Staines, Craig Williams, William Mackay
In order to establish any increased tolerance to antibiotics, flucloxacillin was used as opposed to a disinfectant to enabled detection of subtle changes in antimicrobial sensitivity. In the planktonic state, the MICs for S. aureus ATCC 25923 and NCTC 8178 were equivalent, 0.5 and 1.0 µg ml−1, respectively. When these organisms were grown as biofilms in Model 1, the biofilms were more susceptible to flucloxacillin by a double fold for S. aureus ATCC 25923 and no difference was recorded for S. aureus NCTC 8178. However, when the organisms were grown in Model 2 the same value of 1.0 µg ml−1 was obtained for S. aureus NCTC 8178, while for S. aureus ATCC 25923 the MIC increased by 3 logs to >1,000 µg ml−1 (Table 2).