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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
Published in Adorjan Aszalos, Modern Analysis of Antibiotics, 2020
Joel J. Kirschbaum, Adorjan Aszalos
Cloxacillin in oral dosage forms was quantified using an ethylsilane column with KH2PO4, pH 4.5-acetonitrile (80:20) mobile phase flowing at 1.5 ml/min (30°C) through a 254 nm detector [270]. The other isoxazole penicillins, oxacillin and dicloxacillin, were also resolved from each other, along with cloxacillin degradation products, cloxalloic acid and two minor unknown peaks. Responses for cloxacillin were linear from 0.11 to 0.65 mg/ml.
Vancomycin
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Inge C. Gyssens, Natasha E. Holmes
A prospective, randomized clinical trial among drug abusers was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of a short course of a combination of a glycopeptide (vancomycin or teicoplanin) and gentamicin compared with a combination of cloxacillin and gentamicin for the treatment of right-side endocarditis caused by S. aureus. Therapeutic success was significantly more frequent with cloxacillin than with a glycopeptide. No adverse effects were noted among the patients in the cloxacillin group. A 14-day course of vancomycin or teicoplanin plus gentamicin was ineffective and associated with a high rate of clinical and microbiological failure (Fortun et al., 2001).
Penicillins
Published in Thomas T. Yoshikawa, Shobita Rajagopalan, Antibiotic Therapy for Geriatric Patients, 2005
These agents have activity against both streptococcal and P-lactamase-producing staphylococcal infections. They are primarily indicated for treatment of staphylococcal infections caused by penicillinase-producing strains. However, all antistaphylococcal penicillins are ineffective against MRSA. Dicloxacillin and cloxacillin are used as oral formulations for mild to moderate infections of skin and soft tissue.
Reviewing the WHO guidelines for antibiotic use for sepsis in neonates and children
Published in Paediatrics and International Child Health, 2018
Aline Fuchs, Julia Bielicki, Shrey Mathur, Mike Sharland, Johannes N. Van Den Anker
WHO provides guidelines for the management of common childhood illnesses, through the Pocket Book of Hospital Care for Children published for the first time in 2005 [5]. The second edition was published in 2013 [6]. It is one of a series of documents and tools supporting the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI). These guidelines focus on management of the major causes of childhood mortality in countries with limited health care (and other) resources. Recommendations for preventing neonatal infection and for the management of possible serious bacterial infection remain the same in the second edition. It recommends providing prophylactic intramuscular (IM) or intravenous (IV) ampicillin and gentamicin in neonates with documented risk factors for infection for at least 2 days and then to reassess. Treatment should be continued only if there are signs of sepsis (or positive blood culture). It recommends hospitalisation and IM or IV antibiotic therapy with a combination of gentamicin and benzylpenicillin or ampicillin for at least 7–10 days in infants aged <2 months who fulfil the case definition of serious bacterial infection. If infants are deemed to be at risk of staphylococcal infection, IV cloxacillin and gentamicin are recommended.
No increase in readmissions or adverse events after implementation of fast-track program in total hip and knee replacement at 8 Swedish hospitals: An observational before-and-after study of 14,148 total joint replacements 2011–2015
Published in Acta Orthopaedica, 2018
Urban Berg, Erik BüLow, Martin Sundberg, Ola Rolfson
To define the fast-track programs and the time of implementation a questionnaire was sent to hospitals performing elective hip and knee replacements in the Swedish Region Västra Götaland, a county council with a population of 1.7 million inhabitants. In 3 clinics without weekend service and exclusively patients with ASA 1–2, a care program based on the fast-track principles had already been implemented before 2011. These clinics were excluded from our study. In 8 public hospitals fast-track care programs were implemented between January 2012 and November 2014 at different times. We defined that fast-track was implemented when the following criteria for standard of care were met: (1) admission on the day of surgery, (2) mobilization within 3–6 hours after the operation, (3) functional discharge criteria in practice, and (4) an intended median length of stay (LOS) not more than 3 days. The patients were informed about the expected LOS, but the decision on discharge followed the functional ability and pain relief. However, regardless of whether the care program was defined as fast-track or not, the standard of care included written and oral structured information at a preoperative visit with a multiprofessional team 1–3 weeks before surgery, multimodal analgesia for pain relief, and tranexamic acid to reduce bleeding. Spinal anesthesia was routinely preferred supplemented by local infiltration analgesia in knee replacements but not in hips. 3 doses of cloxacillin were given on the day of surgery. The length of antithrombotic prophylaxis was 10 days in knees and 28–30 days in hips, but the antithrombotic drug varied between hospitals. No drains were used, a urinary catheter only in selected cases, and tourniquet in TKR was optional depending on the surgeon’s preference.
Implementation of sacral neuromodulation for urinary indications. A Danish prospective study during the initial 15 months of a new service in a tertiary referral hospital
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Urology, 2022
Hanne Kobberø, Margrethe Andersen, Karin Andersen, Torben Brøchner Pedersen, Mads Hvid Poulsen
The test phase followed the standardized electrode placement technique and was conducted under sedation and local anesthesia with the patient in the prone position [15]. The first 12 patients were administered cefuroxime, metronidazole and hexamycine as prophylaxis. On the advice of the microbiologist, the other patients were administered cloxacillin preoperatively. Additionally, a solution of 160 mg hexamycine in 250 ml sterile water was used to rinse the devices and the cavity for the IPG.