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Osteoarthritis
Published in Nicole M. Farmer, Andres Victor Ardisson Korat, Cooking for Health and Disease Prevention, 2022
Diets rich in fruits and vegetables are thought to be beneficial to health due to the presence of flavonoids, polyphenols widely distributed in the fruits and vegetables. The range of foods containing flavonoids includes tea, citrus foods, herbs, and some commonly consumed vegetables such as celery. With regard to OA, there are particular categories of flavonoids that are protective of chondrocytes and joint damage. Flavones, a category of flavonoids located predominately in the leaves and in the outer parts of plants (Ewald et al., 1999) contain apigenin and luteolin. Often, apigenin and luteolin are found together in the same plant foods, such a parsley and celery. In a study of human chondrocytes, micromolar (µM) amounts of apigenin and lutein were found to prevent expression of joint destroying MMPs (Davidson et al., 2018). Pharmacokinetic studies in humans show that absorption of apigenin and luteolin from parsley or celery leads to serum levels in the µM range (Hostetler et al., 2017). Thus, it is logical to preclude that consumption of foods such as parsley, spinach, and celery which contain both apigenin and luteolin may be helpful for OA.
Roles of Functional Foods in Neuroprotection
Published in Abhai Kumar, Debasis Bagchi, Antioxidants and Functional Foods for Neurodegenerative Disorders, 2021
Madhumita Barooah, Dibya Jyoti Hazarika
Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds and naturally occur in different types, such as flavones, isoflavones, flavonols, flavanol, flavonones, and anthocyanins. These compounds have structural variations in the C ring of their skeletal structure. The antioxidant activities of these compounds are widely reported in the literature (Bahorun et al. 1996, 2003; Lien et al. 1999; Luximon-Ramma et al. 2002). Fruits, vegetables, and beverages prepared from plan sources, viz.,fruit juices, coffee, tea, and red wine, are the key dietary sources of flavonoids. Flavonoids in citrus are classified into three major subgroups: flavanones (mainly di- and tri-O-glycosides), flavone glycosides (mainly di- and tri-O-glycosides and C-glycosides), and polymethoxyflavones (Manthey, Grohmann, and Guthrie 2001). Various flavonoid compounds that present in different species of citrus are represented in Table 21.2.
Heterocyclic Drugs from Plants
Published in Rohit Dutt, Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Vandana Garg, Promising Drug Molecules of Natural Origin, 2020
Debasish Bandyopadhyay, Valeria Garcia, Felipe Gonzalez
Flavones having a double bond in between carbon-2 and carbon-3 plays a pivotal role to execute biological and pharmacological activities. Flavones execute therapeutic efficacy in diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and metabolic diseases. Flavones are present in many food sources like fruits, herbs, and vegetation like parsley, thyme, herbs fruits, and even oranges. Many flavones have become an important part of the human diet due to multiple health-related benefits: both curative and preventive (Arredondo et al., 2015).
The kidney antifibrotic effects of 5,7,3′,4′,5′-pentamethoxyflavone from Bauhinia championii in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: in vivo and in vitro experiments
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2023
Jialin Li, Xiaocui Huang, Kailun He, Suzhen Wu
Traditional herbal medicine has been used for intractable and chronic diseases for thousands of years (Adam et al. 2016; de Moura Barbosa et al. 2018). Multiple studies have shown that flavonoids, as natural products from herbal medicine had few side effects. (Hashem et al. 2016; Li et al. 2019; Yaribeygi et al. 2019; Wei et al. 2021). Bauhinia championii Benth. (Fabaceae) is a folk medicine used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, and its main active ingredient is flavonoids (Zheng et al. 2013; Aung et al. 2016; Chen et al. 2020). It has been found to alleviate collagen-induced arthritis in rats by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway (Xu et al. 2013). DM is also an inflammatory-related disease, and many traditional hypoglycemic herbs are also found to have anti-inflammatory effects (Xie and Du 2011). It is reported that B. championii could alleviate inflammation in the collagen-induced arthritis rat model (Xu et al. 2013, 2016a, 2016b). Flavones from B. championii could alleviate myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects (Jian et al. 2016). However, it is unknown if B. championii can exert kidney protective effects on diabetic rats.
Flavonoid-rich fraction of Lasianthera africana leaves alleviates hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride in Wistar rats
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Daniel Emmanuel Ekpo, Parker Elijah Joshua, Arome Solomon Odiba, Okwesilieze Fred Chiletugo Nwodo
Although liver injury is a major cause of death worldwide, therapeutic interventions targeted at protecting the hepatocytes from damage or repair of damaged hepatocytes are largely limited. Recently, advancement in scientific research has pave the way for the isolation of bioactive phytochemicals with pharmacological effects, which are now used as potential therapeutic agents (Farghali et al. 2015). Extracts from medicinal plants contain different phytochemical compounds including flavonoids as well as other polyphenolic compounds which confer therapeutic effects due to their antioxidative stress properties. Flavonoids are antioxidant phytochemical compounds, consisting of flavones, flavanone, flavanols, flavonols, and flavanonols, which make up a large group of plant secondary metabolites (Chua et al. 2011). They make up an essential part of human diet and are ubiquitous in vegetables, nuts, flowers, seeds, stem, fruits, tea, and wine (Sandhar et al. 2011). Flavonoids in particular are known for their anti-inflammatory and anti-mutagenic properties, as well as their capacity to modulate key cellular enzyme activities (Panche et al. 2016). They also show very good antioxidant (Procházková et al. 2011), anticancer (Souza et al. 2018) and hepatoprotective effects (Zhang et al. 2018), and function as scavengers for free radicals by rapid donation of hydrogen atoms (Kumar and Pandey 2013).
Discovery of polymethoxyflavones as potential cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) inhibitors
Published in Journal of Receptors and Signal Transduction, 2022
Muhd Hanis Md Idris, Siti Norhidayah Mohd Amin, Siti Norhidayu Mohd Amin, Agustono Wibowo, Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria, Zurina Shaameri, Ahmad Sazali Hamzah, Manikandan Selvaraj, Lay Kek Teh, Mohd Zaki Salleh
Flavone is among the major plant secondary metabolites that are broadly distributed across the plant kingdom. It consists of a phenyl ring that attaches to chromone at 2-position. With a high degree of chemical diversity by modifications of the chemical backbones, flavone and its derivatives have multiple roles in biological functions and attract great interest from the researchers as privilege structures in drug discovery [9, 10]. In recent years, in vitro and in vivo studies as well as clinical studies have reported flavones as anti-inflammatory agent [11–13]. For instance, flavones displayed the reduction of COX-2 mediated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production and inhibited the activity of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) [14]. Another study also reported that natural flavone was able to inhibit formation of nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages and indicated as potent anti-lipoxygenase inhibitor without significant cytotoxic effect [15].